Definition
Silver is a white lustrous transitional metallic element found widely in the human environment. Low concentrations of silver accumulate in the human body through inhalation of particles in the air and contamination of the diet and drinking water. Silver serves no trace metal value in the human body. Increasing use of silver as an antibacterial and antifungal agent in wound care products, medical devices (bone cements, catheters, surgical sutures, cardiovascular prostheses, and dental fillings), textiles, cosmetics, and even domestic appliances in recent years has lead to concern as to the safety aspects of the metal and potential risks associated with absorption of the biologically active Ag+ into the human body.
Silver exists in its elemental form in natural deposits and in complexes with lead, copper, arsenic, and mercury. Metallic silver is inert in the...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Armitage SA, White MA, Wilson HK (1996) The determination of silver in whole blood and its application to biological monitoring of occupationally exposed groups. Ann Occup Hyg 40:331–338
Bleehen SS, Gould DJ, Harrington CI, Durrant TE, Slater DN, Underwood JC (1981) Occupational argyria; light and electron microscopic studies and X-ray microanalysis. Br J Dermatol 104:19–26
Burrell RE (2003) A scientific perspective on the use of topical silver preparations. Ostomy Wound Manage 49:19–24
Choban PS, Marshall WJ (1987) Leukopenia secondary to silver sulfadiazine: frequency, characteristics and clinical consequences. Am Surg 53:515–517
Coombs CJ, Wan AT, Masterton JP, Conyers RAJ, Pedersen J, Chia YT (1992) Do burn patients have a silver lining. Burns 18:179–184
Di Vincenzo GD, Giordano CJ, Schriever LS (1985) Biologic monitoring of workers exposed to silver. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 56:207–215
East BW, Boddy K, Williams ED, Macintyre D, McLay AL (1980) Silver retention, total body silver and tissue silver concentrations in argyria associated with exposure to an anti-smoking remedy containing silver acetate. Clin Exp Dermatol 5:305–311
Fisher AA (1987) Contact dermatitis. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia
Hidalgo E, Bartolome R, Barroso C, Moreno A, Domınguez C(1998) Silver nitrate: antimicrobial activity related to cytotoxicity in cultured human fibroblasts. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 11:140–151
Lansdown ABG (2002) Metallothioneins: potential therapeutic aids for wound healing in the skin. Wound Repair Regen 10:130–132
Lansdown ABG (2007) Critical observations on the neurotoxicity of silver. Crit Rev Toxicol 37:237–250
Lansdown ABG (2010) Silver in healthcare: its antimicrobial efficacy and safety in use. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
Lansdown ABG (2011) Metal ions affecting the skin and eyes. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RO (eds) Metal ions in life sciences. Royal Society of Chemisty, Cambridge
Lowbury EJL (1977) Problems of resistance in open wounds and burns. In: Mouton RP, Brumfitt W, Hamilton-Miller JMT (eds) The Rational Choice of Antibacterial Agents. Kluwer, London
McCauley RL, Li YY, Chopra V, Herndon DN, Robson MC (1994) Cytoprotection of human dermal fibroblasts against silver sulfadiazine using recombinant growth factors. J Surg Res 56:378–384
McHugh GL, Mollering RC, Hopkins CC, Swartz MN (1975) Salmonella typhimurium resistant to silver nitrate, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Lancet 1:235–240
Moss AP, Sugar A, Hargett NA (1979) The ocular manifestations and functional effects of occupational argyrosis. Arch Ophthalmol 97:906–908
Silver S (2003) Bacterial silver resistance, molecular biology and uses and misuses of silver compounds. FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:341–353
Tobin EJ, Bambauer R (2003) Silver- coating of dialysis catheters to reduce bacterial colonisation and infection. Ther Apher Dial 7:504–509
U.S. EPA (1985) Drinking water criteria document for silver, Final Draft ECAO-CIN-026, The Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, for the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC
Wan AT, Conyers RA, Coombs CJ, Masterton JP (1991) Determination of silver in blood, urine, and tissues of volunteers and burn patients. Clin Chem 37:1683–1687
World Health Organisation (1996) Silver in drinking water: background document for the development of WHO guideline for drinking water quality. WHO, Geneva, WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/14
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Lansdown, A.B.G. (2013). Silver, Pharmacological and Toxicological Profile as Antimicrobial Agent in Medical Devices. In: Kretsinger, R.H., Uversky, V.N., Permyakov, E.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_562
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_562
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1532-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-1533-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences