Synonyms
Definition
Chromium (III) is a transition metal, and its trivalent state is the form most prevalent in organic complexes (Vincent 2004; Cefalu and Hu 2004). Chromium (III) supplements are widely consumed worldwide. Most chromium (III) in the diet is chromium (III), and any hexavalent chromium in food or water is reduced to chromium (III) in the acidic environment of the stomach.
Background
Various studies have reported lower levels of chromium (III) in the blood, lenses, and toenails of diabetic patients compared with those of the normal population (Rajpathak et al. 2004). Thus, subclinical chromium (III) deficiency may be a contributor to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease, particularly in aging populations or in populations that have increased chromium (III) requirements because of high sugar diets. Epidemiological data concerning chromium (III) intake and the risk of CVD are limited. Results from...
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References
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Acknowledgments
The author is supported by grants from the NIDDK, the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health (RO1 DK072433), and the Malcolm Feist Endowed Chair in Diabetes. The authors thank Ms. Georgia Morgan for excellent editing of this manuscript.
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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Jain, S.K. (2013). Chromium(III), Cytokines, and Hormones. In: Kretsinger, R.H., Uversky, V.N., Permyakov, E.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
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