Titanium, Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical Properties

Titanium is one of the most abundant metals in the Earth's crust, was discovered in 1791 but was produced on industrial scale only in the 1950s because of the difficulties in obtaining it in a pure form due to its reactivity. It is a light metal of high melting point and excellent corrosion resistance. Its oxide is an important white pigment.

Atomic number	22
Atomic weight	47.88
Relative abundance in Earth’s crust, %	0.44
Density at 25°C, g/cm3	4.5
Atomic radius for coordination number six in the crystal, nm	0.145
Melting point, °C	1,668
Boiling point, °C	3,287
Phase transformation temperature, °C	882
Hexagonal ⇆ body centered cubic
Lattice constants of α-Ti at room temperature, nm	c = 0.4679
	a = 0.2951
Heat of transformation, kJ/mol	3.685
Coefficient of linear expansion at 25°C, K–1	8.5 × 10–6
Latent heat of fusion, kJ/mol	20.9
Latent heat of sublimation, J/mol	464.7
Latent heat of vaporization, kJ/mol	397.8
Specific heat capacity at 25°C, J g–1 K–1...