Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Handbook of Manufacturing Engineering and Technology pp 2639–2676Cite as

Laser Surface Engineering

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:

Abstract

Surface engineering aims at tailoring the microstructure and/or composition of the near surface region of a component for improving surface dependent engineering properties. Conventionally, surface engineering may broadly be classified into two categories: surface modification (where the treated layer is part of the substrate) and coating (adding another layer onto the surface). Laser as a clean source of heat may be used for modification of microstructure and/or composition of the near surface region of the component by heating/melting or by deposition and alloying/cladding. Especially, because of its exponentially decaying energy distribution profile, laser enjoys a prominent position for its application in surface engineering. Laser surface engineering may be classified as surface transformation hardening, surface melting, laser surface alloying, and laser surface cladding. In this chapter, the application of laser for surface modification like laser transformation hardening, melting and homogenization of surface microstructure, changing composition by laser surface alloying for improving surface properties for structural application and laser surface cladding techniques will be discussed in detail. With a brief introduction to the individual technique, the principle of its operation will be discussed. Finally, the examples of application of laser surface engineering will be discussed in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   1,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adel KM, Dhia AS, Ghazali MJ (2009) The effect of laser surface hardening on the wear and friction characteristics of acicular bainitic ductile iron. Int J Mech Mater Eng (IJMME) 4(2):167–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Aihua W, Beidi Z, Zengyi T, Xianyao M, Shijun D, Xudong C (1993) Thermal-shock behaviour of plasma-sprayed Al2O3-13 wt%TiO2 coatings on Al-Si alloy influenced by laser remelting. Surf Coat Technol 57:169–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amulevicius A, Mazeika K, Daugvila A (2000) Mössbauer studies of Fe-Si-C system structure changes by laser and ultrasound treatment. J Phys D Appl Phys 33:1985–1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anandan S, Pityana S, Dutta Majumdar J (2012) Structure property-correlation in laser surface alloyed AISI 304 stainless steel with WC + Ni + NiCr. Mater Sci Eng A 536:159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby MF, Easterling KE (1984) The transformation hardening of steel surfaces by laser beams-I. Hypo-eutectoid steels. Acta Metall 32:1935–1948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ASM (1982) Metals handbook, 9th edn. Surface cleaning, finishing & coating, vol 5. ASM, Metals Park

    Google Scholar 

  • Badekas H, Koutsomichalis A, Panagopoulos C (1998) The influence of excimer laser treatment on an aluminium alloy surface. Surf Coat Technol 34:365–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benedek J, Shachrai L, Levin L (1980) Laser beam. Opt Laser Technol 12:247–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bol’shepaev OY, Katomin NN (1997) Laser polishing of glass articles. Glass Ceram 54(5–6):141–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SL, Shen D (1999) Optimization and quantitative evaluation of the qualities for Nd-YAG laser transformation hardening. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 15:70–78

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng FT, Kwok CT, Man HC (2001) Laser surfacing of S31603 stainless steel with engineering ceramics for cavitations erosion resistance. Surf Coat Technol 139:14–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Mol van Otterloo JL, De Hosson JTM (1994) laser treatment of aluminium copper alloys: a mechanical enhancement. Scripta Metallurgica 30:493–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubourg L, Ursescu D, Hlawka F, Cornet A (2005) Laser cladding of MMC coatings on aluminium substrate: influence of composition and microstructure on mechanical properties. Wear 258:1745–1754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta Majumdar J, Manna I (2003) Laser processing of materials. Sadhana 28:495–562, Parts 3 & 4, June/August

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta Majumdar J, Nath AK, Manna I (2010) Studies on laser surface melting of tool steel – part I: surface characterization and its electrochemical behavior. Surf Coat Technol 204(1321–1325):1326–1329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta MJ, Manna I (1999) Laser surface alloying of AISI 304-stainless steel with molybdenum for improvement in pitting and erosion-corrosion resistance. Mater Sci Eng A 267:50–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta MJ, Manna I (2011) Laser material processing. Int Mater Rev 56(5–6):341–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta MJ, Mordike BL, Manna I (2000) Friction and wear behavior of Ti following laser surface alloying with Si, Al and Si + Al. Wear 242:18–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta MJ, Mordike BL, Roy SK, Manna I (2002) High temperature oxidation behavior of laser surface alloyed Ti with Si, Al. Oxid Metals 57:473–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta MJ, Galun R, Mordike BL, Manna I (2003) Effect of laser surface melting on corrosion and wear resistance of a commercial Mg alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 361:119–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta-Majumdar J, Weisheit A, Mordike BL, Manna I (1999) Laser surface alloying of Ti with Si, Al and Si + Al for improved oxidation resistance. Mater Sci Eng A 266:123–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gremaud M, Carrard M, Kurz W (1990) Microstructure of rapidly solidified Al-Fe alloys subjected to laser surface treatment. Acta Metallurgica Materiallia 38:2587–2599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grum J, Kek T (2004) The influence of different conditions of laser-beam interaction in laser surface hardening of steels. Thin Solid Films 453–454:94–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grum J, Slabe JM (2005) Nanoscale evaluation of laser-based surface treated 12Ni maraging steel. Appl Surf Sci 247:458–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hari PN, Balasubramaniam R (1997) Effect of laser surface modification on the oxidation behavior of an Al-Li-Cu alloy. J Mater Process Technol 68:117–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heidkamp M, Kessler O, Hoffmann F, Peter M (2004) Laser beam surface hardening of CVD TiN-coated steels. Surf Coat Technol 188–189:294–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heitkemper M, Bohne C, Pyzalla A, Fischer A (2003) Fatigue and fracture behaviour of a laser surface heat treated martensitic high-nitrogen tool steel. Int J Fatigue 25:101–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iordanova I, Antonov V, Gurkovsky S (2002) “Investigation of surface oxidation of low carbon sheet steel during its treatment with Nd:Glass pulsed laser. Surf Coat Technol 153:267–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katipelli LR, Agarwal A, Dahotre NB (2000) Interfacial strength of laser surface engineered TiC coating on 6061 Al using four-point bend test. Mater Sci Eng A 289:34–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy E, Byrne G, Collins DN (2004) A review of the use of high power diode lasers in surface hardening. J Mater Process Technol 155–156:1855–1860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li R, Ferreira MGS, Almeida A, Vilar R, Watkins KG, McMahon MA, Steen WM (1996) Localized corrosion of laser surface melted 2024-T351 aluminium alloy. Surf Coat Technol 81:290–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo KH, Cheng FT, Man HC (2003) Laser transformation hardening of AISI 440C martensitic stainless steel for higher cavitation erosion resistance. Surf Coat Technol 173:96–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majumdar D, Manna I (1999) Laser surface alloying of copper with chromium – II. Improvement in mechanical properties. Mater Sci Eng A 268:216–226 (Part 1); ibid: 268, 227–235 (Part 2)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazumder J, Mohanty PS, Kar A (1996) Mathematical modelling of laser materials processing. Int J Mater Prod Technol 11:193–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Molian PA (1981) Laser Surface Heat Treatment of AISI 4340 Steel: a Microstructural Study. Mater Sci Eng A 51:253–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molian PA (1989) In: Sudarshan TS (ed) Surface modification technologies-an engineers guide. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 421

    Google Scholar 

  • Mura T (1982) Micromechanics of defects in solids. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nusser C, Wehrmann I, Willenborg E (2011) Influence of intensity distribution and pulse duration on laser micro polishing. Phys Procedia 1:462–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Picraux ST, Follstaedt DM (1983) In: Narayan J, Brown WL, Lemons RA (eds) Laser-solid interactions and transient thermal processing of materials, vol 751. North-Holland, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ready JF, Farson Dave F (2001) LIA handbook of laser materials processing. Laser Institute of America Magnolia Publishing, Orlando, pp 37–38, 190, 321, 329–330, 343, 359

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy A, Manna I (2001) Laser surface engineering to improve wear resistance of austempered ductile iron. Mater Sci Eng A 297:85–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schippman D, Weisheit A, Mordike BL (1999) Short pulse irradiation of magnesium based alloys to improve surface properties. Surf Eng 15:23–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuocker D (1998) Handbook of the Euro Laser Academy, vol 2. Chapman & Hall, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sicard E, Boulmer-Leborgnel C, Andreazza-Vignolle C, Frainais M (2001) Excimer laser surface treatment of aluminum alloy in nitrogen. Appl Phys A 73:55–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • St-Georges L (2007) Development and characterization of composite Ni Cr + WC laser cladding. Wear 263:562–566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang CH, Cheng FT, Man HC (2006) Corrosion behavior of AISI 316 L stainless steel surface-modified with NiTi. Surf Coat Technol 200:2606–2609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tobar MJ, Álvarez C, Amado JM, Ramil A, Saavedra E, Yáñez A (2006) Laser transformation hardening of a tool steels: simulation-based parameter optimization and experimental results. Surf Coat Technol 200:6362–6367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsay LW, Yang TY, Young MC (2001) Embrittlement of laser surface-annealed 17-4 PH stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng A 311:64–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uenishi K, Kobayashi KF (1999) Formation of surface layer based on Al3Ti on aluminum by laser cladding and its compatibility with ceramics. Intermetallics 7:553–559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XF, Takacs J, Krallics G, Szilagyi A, Markovits T (2002) Research on the thermo-physical process of laser bending. J Mater Process Technol 127:388–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins KG, Liu Z, McMahon M, Vilar R, Ferreira MGS (1998) Impudence of the overlapped area on the corrosion behaviour of laser treated aluminium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 252:292–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yanez A, Alvarez JC, Lopez AJ, Nicolas G, Perez JA, Ramel A, Saavedra E (2002) Modelling of temperature evolution on metals during laser hardening process. Appl Surf Sci 186:611–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yue TM, Wu YX, Man HC (1999) Laser surface treatment of aluminium 6013/SiCp composite for corrosion resistance enhancement. Surf Coat Technol 114:13–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou XB, De Hosson J, Th M (1993) A reaction coating on Aluminium alloys by laser processing. Scripta Metallurgica 28:219–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Jyotsna Dutta Majumdar & Indranil Manna

  2. IIT Kanpur, Kalyanpur, 208016, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Indranil Manna

Authors
  1. Jyotsna Dutta Majumdar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Indranil Manna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jyotsna Dutta Majumdar or Indranil Manna .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Andrew Y. C. Nee

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag London

About this entry

Cite this entry

Majumdar, J.D., Manna, I. (2015). Laser Surface Engineering. In: Nee, A. (eds) Handbook of Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4670-4_27

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation