Definition
Membranes could be considered as layer structures which can separate two fluids (gas or liquid) and which have different permeabilities for these fluids or their components. Depending on structure, the membranes could be classified in dense and porous ones. According to IUPAC, the porous membranes can be distinguished into micropores (pore diameter is <2 nm), mesopores (2 nm < d < 50 nm), and macropores (d > 50 nm), respectively. The dense membranes have no open porosity and are impenetrable for particles in gas molecules.
Dense membranes can be divided into ceramic membranes, metal membranes, and liquid-immobilized membranes. These include materials which allow preferential passage of hydrogen or oxygen, in the form of either ions or atoms. Liquid-immobilized membranes consist of a porous support in which a semipermeable liquid is immobilized which fills the pores completely. Interesting examples are molten salts immobilized in porous steel or ceramic supports,...
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Ullmann, H., Vashook, V., Guth, U. (2014). Membrane Technology. In: Kreysa, G., Ota, Ki., Savinell, R.F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_312
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