Grand Mal Seizure

Synonyms

Tonic-clonic seizure

Definition

Although this term was replaced by “tonic-clonic seizure” in 1981 (Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy, 1981), it is still sometimes used, perhaps by those who are not aware of the change in terminology. The term “tonic-clonic seizure” should be used not only because it is the current accepted terminology but also because it describes what happens. In this context, the word “tonic” means stiff and the word “clonic” means jerking. A tonic-clonic seizure is one in which the person is stiff and jerking. When the stiffening includes the respiratory muscles, a cry may be emitted at the beginning of the seizure and cyanosis may occur. The tongue is sometimes bitten. Incontinence of urine may occur. Injuries may be sustained if the patient falls. In the clonic phase, there may be copious salivation, sometimes with frothing at the mouth. If the tonic-clonic seizure is preceded by a simple partial...