Empirical violations of the law of total probability are termed interference effects. These effects can be found both in physical systems and human cognitive systems. Quantum theory was initially invented to explain these effects in particle physics. Psychologists have also found interference effects in humans, motivating researchers to apply quantum theory to cognitive science.
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(2012). Interference Effect. In: Seel, N.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_2228
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_2228
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