Cooperative Learning

Synonyms

Collaborative learning; Group learning; Small group learning; Team learning

Definition

Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups through which students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning (Johnson et al. 1994). It is related to collaborative learning, which emphasizes that learning occurs as an effect of community (Johson and Johnson 1999). It is, however, contrasted with individualistic and competitive learning in which students work by themselves to accomplish learning goals that are not related to others, and compete with each other for grades (Johnson et al. 1998). There are three types of cooperative learning. The first type is formal cooperative learning which consists of students working together, for one class period or several weeks, to achieve a joint learning goals and complete tasks assigned. The second type is informal cooperative learningwhich includes students working together to achieve shared learning goals in...