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Memory updating is a phenomenon whereby, under certain conditions, new information can be incorporated into preexisting memories. Various aspects of the phenomenon have been described in cognitive psychology, but no unifying theoretical account exists that explains memory updating and its triggers. In neuroscience, it has been shown that the modification of a specific memory is dependent upon its reactivation. It is assumed that through reactivation, a particular memory is transferred from a passive and stable state to an active but fragile state, at which time it can then be modified. In order for the memory to be maintained, it needs to undergo a restabilization (reconsolidation) process (cf. Hardt and Nader 2009). Spatial context, i.e., the environmental surroundings in which learning takes place, has been identified as a crucial factor moderating memory updating effects.
Theoretical Background
Memory is not a static...
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References
Hardt, O., & Nader, K. (2009). A single standard for memory: The case for reconsolidation. Nature Review Neuroscience, 10, 224–234.
Hardt, O., Einarsson, E., & Nader, K. (2010). A bridge over troubled water: Reconsolidation as a link between cognitive and neuroscientific memory research traditions. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 141–167.
Hupbach, A., Gomez, R., Hardt, O., & Nadel, L. (2007). Reconsolidation of episodic memories: A subtle reminder triggers integration of new information. Learning & Memory, 14, 47–53.
Hupbach, A., Hardt, O., Gomez, R., & Nadel, L. (2008). The dynamics of memory: Context-dependent updating. Learning & Memory, 15, 574–579.
Hupbach, A., Gomez, R., & Nadel, L. (in press). Episodic memory updating: The role of context familiarity. Psychological Bulletin & Review.
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Hupbach, A. (2012). Dynamics of Memory: Context-Dependent Updating. In: Seel, N.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1790
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