Synonyms
Definition
The metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults has been defined in the literature by various organizations, including the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel (2001), although a standard definition does not exist in either the adult or child literature. In adults, the clustering of four health risk factors, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia, has been referred to as syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, and/or metabolic syndrome (Reaven, 1988). The dominant underlying risk factors for this syndrome appear to be abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a generalized metabolic disorder in which the body can no longer use insulin efficiently. This is why the metabolic syndrome has also been called the insulin resistance syndrome. The MS risk factors manifest in childhood and have a major impact on the development of medical problems throughout the life course....
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences and Readings
Arslanian, S. A., & Suprasongsin, C. (1996). Insulin sensitivity, lipids, and body composition in childhood: Is syndrome X present? Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Medicine, 81, 1058–1062.
Batey, L. S., Goff, D. C., Tortolero, S. R., Nichaman, M. Z., Chan, W., Chan, F. A., et al. (1997). Summary measures of the insulin resistance syndrome are adverse among Mexican American versus Non-Hispanic white children. Circulation, 96, 4319–4325.
Cook, S., Weitzman, M., Auinger, P., Nguyen, M., & Dietz, W. H. (2003). Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 157, 821–827.
Cruz, M. L., Weigensberg, M. J., Huang, T. T., Ball, G., Shaibi, G. Q., & Goran, M. I. (2004). The metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth and the role of insulin sensitivity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89, 108–113.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/metabolic%20syndrome/DS00522
National Institutes of Health. (2001). The third report of the national cholesterol education program expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). NIH Publication 01-3670. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.
Reaven, G. M. (1988). Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiology Review, 75, 473–486.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Patino-Fernandez, A.M. (2013). Metabolic Syndrome. In: Gellman, M.D., Turner, J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_761
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_761
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1004-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1005-9
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine