Definition
Energy expenditure refers to the amount of energy an individual uses to maintain essential body functions (respiration, circulation, digestion) and as a result of physical activity. Total daily energy expenditure is determined by resting or basal metabolic rate (BMR), food-induced thermogenesis, and energy expended as a result of physical activity.
BMR is the minimum amount of energy that the body requires for essential organ and cellular function when lying in a state of physiological and mental rest. BMR accounts for typically 65–75% of total energy expenditure. Differences in BMR exist between genders and across ages. Females tend to have a lower BMR than males, and BMR decreases with age. These differences can largely be accounted for by differences in fat-free mass, which is proportional to BMR.
Food-induced thermogenesis refers to the increase in energy expenditure following the ingestion of food. This increase in energy expenditure is a result of digestion,...
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References and Readings
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2001). Exercise physiology: Energy, nutrition and human performance (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Widmaier, E. P., Raff, H., & Strang, K. T. (2004). Vander, Sherman, & Luciano’s human physiology: The mechanism of body function. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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Heaney, J. (2013). Energy: Expenditure, Intake, Lack of. In: Gellman, M.D., Turner, J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_454
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_454
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
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