Cognitive Restructuring

Synonyms

Cognitive reappraisal

Definition

Cognitive restructuring is a strategy to recognize negative, inaccurate thoughts and replace them with alternative ones that are more realistic and helpful. This cognitive strategy, a key part of cognitive behavioral therapy, promotes optimal thinking about a stressful or overwhelming situation to reduce emotional distress. Cognitive restructuring may involve several steps: write down the situation; list negative thoughts that occurred during the situation; list emotions that arise when having these thoughts; identify cognitive distortions or errors that may underlie each thought; challenge each thought; and generate rational responses. The rational responses are self-statements that are used to feel better about the situation.

Cognitive restructuring may help individuals with a chronic illness to manage how the illness affects their perceptions of themselves, their relationships, and their future. For example, an individual may be experiencing...