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Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine

  • 103 Accesses

Synonyms

Brain damage; Brain injury; Brain trauma; Concussion; Head injury

Definition

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acquired brain injury resulting in diffuse brain damage. Injury is caused by the direct impact of an external force or whiplash, which results in a rapid acceleration or deceleration of the brain against the skull. The rapid movement causes neurons to shear and tear, and the impact of the brain against the skull can result in bruising and bleeding. The trauma can cause secondary complications such as ischemia, increased blood pressure, or ruptured blood vessels. The impairments caused by TBI depend on its severity. Due to the diffuse nature of the injury, a variety of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes are often seen.

Description

Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury

The CDC estimates that 1.5–2 million people suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the United States (Faul, Xu, Wald, & Coronado, 2010). Of those, an estimated 80% are mild in...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Dr. Mary Spiers & Emily W. Reid (Deceased)

Authors
  1. Dr. Mary Spiers
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  2. Emily W. Reid (Deceased)
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Correspondence to Mary Spiers .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    Marc D. Gellman

  2. Cardiovascular Safety, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA

    J. Rick Turner

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Spiers, M., Reid (Deceased), E.W. (2013). Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Gellman, M.D., Turner, J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1324

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1324

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1004-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1005-9

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