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Oil Spill Remote Sensing

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

Definition of the Subject and Its Importance

Remote-sensing for oil spills is reviewed. The technical aspects of sensors are reviewed and the benefits and limitations of each sensor are given. Oil spill response often requires that remote sensing is used to detect and map the spill of interest. A wide variety of technologies had been tried.

A common and economical sensor is an infrared camera or an IR/UV system. This sensor class has limited utility but has the lowest cost of any sensor. The inherent weaknesses include the inability to discriminate oil on beaches, among weeds or debris and under certain lighting conditions, oil is not detected. Furthermore, water-in-oil emulsions are often not detected in the infrared. The laser fluorosensor is a most-useful instrument because of its unique capability to identify oil on backgrounds that include water, soil, weeds, ice, and snow. It is the only sensor that can positively...

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Abbreviations

Laser fluorosensor:

A specific substance detection systems that employ a laser to excite a substance which then gives off radiation at another wavelength. This wavelength is typically unique to the substance being detected.

Microwave sensor:

Devices which detect radiation in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Some devices, such as radar, also emit waves in the microwave spectrum to analyze the reflectivity of the fields of view.

Optical sensor:

Sensors which analyze the field-of-view in the electromagnetic spectrum from the infrared to the ultraviolet region. Typically the focus is the visible region.

Passive microwave sensor:

A sensor which analyzes the natural microwave radiation in a field-of-view.

Radarsat:

One of two radar satellites that are often used to detect and track oil spills.

Radiometer:

Any device that measures electromagnetic radiation typically the abundance of radiation in a given spectral range is measured.

Scatterometer:

A device that measures the scattering of a particular spectral range of radiation.

Ship discharge:

An oil spill resulting from a discharge (usually illegal) from a ship. Ships may discharge lubrication oil, oil from washing, or other waste oils.

Thickness sensor:

Any oil spill sensor that specifically measures oil slick thickness.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Spill Science, 1717 Rutherford Point, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Dr. Mervin Fingas

  2. Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Dr. Carl Brown

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    Robert A. Meyers

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Fingas, M., Brown, C. (2012). Oil Spill Remote Sensing . In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_732

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