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Heat Content and Temperature of the Ocean

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Abbreviations

CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth):

Instrument used to obtain vertical profiles of salinity, temperature, and pressure in the ocean at resolutions up to 1 m.

Heat content:

Amount of energy contained in thermal motion associated with any volume of matter, which is proportional to its temperature and specific heat.

Mixed layer:

Near-surface layer where turbulent mixing primarily induced by atmospheric forcing produces homogeneous conditions of temperature, salinity, and other water properties.

Objective analysis:

General mathematical procedure by which the value of a variable of interest at a given location and time is derived from similar observations at other times and/or places (also sometimes referred to as optimal interpolation).

Potential temperature:

Temperature attained by a fluid parcel if measured at a given standard pressure (typically 1,000 hPa corresponding approximately to atmospheric pressure at the ocean surface).

Specific heat:

Amount of energy per unit mass necessary to change the temperature of a given substance by 1°C, with typical values for seawater around 4,000 J/kg/°C.

Thermistor:

Sensor that uses known thermal dependences of electrical resistance to determine temperature.

Thermocline:

Region of enhanced vertical temperature gradients separating well-mixed layers near the surface from the layers with weak thermal stratification found in the deep ocean.

XBT (eXpendable BathyThermograph):

Instrument used to obtain essentially continuous recordings of temperature with depth, from the surface to about 700 m, which can be deployed from a ship underway and without having to be retrieved.

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Acknowledgments

The author is indebted to J. Carton, G. Johnson, J. Kennedy, J. Lyman, M. Palmer, K. von Schuckmann, and S. Walker for help with the figures reproduced here. The support of NASA and the National Oceanographic Partnership Program is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc, 131 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA

    Dr. Rui M. Ponte

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  1. Dr. Rui M. Ponte
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Correspondence to Rui M. Ponte .

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  1. RAMTECH LIMITED, Larkspur, CA, USA

    Robert A. Meyers

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Ponte, R.M. (2012). Heat Content and Temperature of the Ocean . In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_485

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