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Landscape Planning for Minimizing Land Consumption

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Abbreviations

Development plan:

A document (often consisting of several written documents and maps) that aims at organizing the spatial development in a particular territory in a comprehensive manner; the term development plan has different meanings in different legal and administrative contexts, in many countries it is used for indicative rather than compulsory plans that complement land use planning by addressing additional aspects of spatial development (e.g., infrastructure planning).

Density, urban density:

Urban densities are measured by the number of people (or housing units, floor space, jobs) per unit urban land (e.g., km², hectare, acre); density is an important measure of urban form; the density of a lot, a neighborhood, or city usually indicates the intensity of urban land uses.

Green belt:

Idea of retaining an area of largely undeveloped, agricultural, or wild or park land surrounding an urban settlement.

Greenfield development:

Urban development that occurs on previously nonurban (agricultural, forestry, pasture, or other) land (as opposed to brownfield development that occurs on derelict sites); synonym of land consumption.

Growth management:

A set of policies and interventions used by governments at different tiers to ensure that urban growth occurs in a controlled and sustainable way; the containment of urban growth to counteract urban sprawl, the sufficient supply with urban services, and the protection of valuable land resources are the most important aims of growth management programs.

Land consumption:

Conversion of land use from nonurban (agricultural, forestry, pasture, or other) to urban uses (mainly residential, industrial, commercial, and transport); the term has a pejorative connotation.

Land cover:

The observed biophysical cover on the earth’s surface, usually expressed in terms of vegetation cover or lack of it; land cover changes can occur as the conversion from one class of land cover to another or as a changing condition within a land cover class.

Land use:

Human employment of land; land use is characterized by the arrangements, activities, and inputs undertaken by humans in order to use land for productive or reproductive purposes; urban land use change can be attributed to the change of use from a land use class to another or to varying intensities within a land use class.

Land use pattern:

Spatial configuration of land uses or patches.

Land use plan:

Product of land use planning that is usually legally binding and prescribes how a piece of land can (and how it must not) be used.

Land use planning:

Any systematic effort of public authorities to organize (or at least influence) the way people, that is, society, make use of the land.

Spatial planning:

Any systematic effort of public authorities to organize, that is, influence the pattern of spatial organization of society. (Spatial planning is often used as a synonym of land use planning but can be seen as the broader term that also includes sector-specific planning, e.g., the planning and allocation of infrastructures.)

Suburbanization:

Suburbanization occurs when the growth of the suburbs (population, employment) dominates that of the central city; suburbanization is driven by relocation decisions of private households and firms leaving the central parts of metropolitan areas in favor of suburban, less dense, and cheaper lands; at the same time, suburbanization can also be caused by in-migration from outside the metropolitan area to the suburban parts.

Urban design plan:

A specific kind of land use plan, which, according to the planning system of many countries, formulates detailed norms for the land use of smaller areas (e.g., a couple of building blocks); urban design plans are often drawn up for areas that are about to be developed or fundamentally restructured.

Urbanization:

An increase in the proportion of the population living in urban areas or cities (urban systems).

Urban sprawl:

A specific, mostly unintended, pattern of land use that exhibits low-density residential and commercial settlements, the spatial segregation of certain land use types in specialized zones, and a spatially discontinuous urban expansion; in metropolitan areas, both in developed and developing countries, urban sprawl is the dominating spatial manifestation of land consumption.

Urban growth boundary (UGB):

Line, defined by land use planning, which circumscribes an entire urbanized area and mandates that the area inside the boundary is to be used for higher density urban development and the area outside for lower density development.

Urban system:

Human settlements with a minimum population density.

Zoning:

The practice of designating permitted uses of land to particular areas that are unambiguously separated from each other; zoning is usually enacted via land use plans and primarily aims at segregating uses that are thought to be incompatible.

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Acknowledgment

We would like to thank Stefan Fina for his valuable guidance and stimulating discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geographical Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany

    Dr. Henning Nuissl (Prof)

  2. Institute of Regional Development Planning, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany

    Dr. Stefan Siedentop

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Correspondence to Henning Nuissl .

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    Robert A. Meyers

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Nuissl, H., Siedentop, S. (2012). Landscape Planning for Minimizing Land Consumption . In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_215

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