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Crop Responses to Available Soil Water

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Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

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Definition of the Subject

Sustainable intensification of global agriculture is a major purpose (and challenge) for twenty-first century scientific, social, and political communities, in order to guarantee food security, while preserving natural resources. Fast growing population and climate change could lead to a global crisis if efforts from different disciplines and countries are not congregated. Among limiting factors is water scarcity, which may dramatically decrease crop production worldwide.

Mitigation measures are therefore a major goal for sustaining crop production and they are based either on management practices that will enable water savings or on breeding efforts for more adequate crops. Improved physiological and molecular knowledge on plant’s response to water deficits is essential to get improvements in crop yield under adverse environments. Because of the complexity of these responses, it is imperative to integrate disciplines as functional genomics, transcriptomics,...

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Abbreviations

Dehydration avoidance:

Dehydration avoidance is the strategy of the plants that are able to maintain tissue water potential as long (and as high) as possible under drought conditions.

Dehydration tolerance:

Dehydration tolerance is the strategy of the plants that are able to cope with severe tissue dehydration.

Harvest index:

Harvest index is the biomass of the harvested product expressed as a percentage of the total crop biomass.

Photoassimilates:

Photoassimilates is the energy-storing carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis in the green tissues of the plants.

Water-use efficiency (WUE):

Water-use efficiency (WUE) is the carbon gain (or biomass formed) per unit of water transpired or the ratio between photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs), termed as intrinsic WUE.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Molecular Ecophysiology Laboratory (LEM), Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal

    Dr. Manuela M. Chaves & Dr. O. Zarrouk

  2. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal

    Dr. Manuela M. Chaves

Authors
  1. Dr. Manuela M. Chaves
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  2. Dr. O. Zarrouk
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Correspondence to Manuela M. Chaves .

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  1. RAMTECH LIMITED, Larkspur, CA, USA

    Robert A. Meyers

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Chaves, M.M., Zarrouk, O. (2012). Crop Responses to Available Soil Water . In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_194

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