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Crop Diseases , Management and Control of

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Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

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Definition of the Subject

Plant diseases cause substantial crop losses every year and, historically, have led to considerable economic damage and human suffering. Controlling plant diseases is therefore vital to maintaining crop productivity and feeding the ever expanding human population. Crop diseases can be controlled using a variety of methods, notably cultural approaches, the use of resistance in the plant, and the application of chemicals (fungicides). However, the organisms that cause plant disease (plant pathogens) are genetically adaptable and can overcome plant resistance, and the toxic effects of fungicides. Ensuring that crops are adequately protected depends therefore on continually keeping one step ahead of the pathogens by improving existing control measures and developing new approaches. This article provides an overview of the various...

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Abbreviations

Biotroph:

A plant pathogenic microorganism which requires living host tissue in order to complete its life cycle. Rust and powdery mildew fungi are examples of biotrophs, as are viruses.

Oomycetes:

Also known as water molds, the Oomycetes are a large group of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. They superficially resemble fungi in mycelial growth and mode of nutrition, but molecular studies and distinct morphological characteristics place them in the kingdom Stramenopila (or Chromista) with brown and golden algae and diatoms.

Phytoalexin:

Antimicrobial substances synthesized de novo by plants and which accumulate rapidly at areas of infection by an incompatible pathogen. Phytoalexins are broad spectrum in action and are chemically diverse with different types characteristic of particular plant species. They can be grouped into several classes including terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolics.

Saprophyte:

An organism, e.g., a fungus or bacterium, that grows on and derives its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.

Virulence:

Refers to the relative ability of a pathogenic organism to cause disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop & Soil Systems Research Group, Scottish Agricultural College, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK

    Dr. Dale R. Walters

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  1. Dr. Dale R. Walters
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Correspondence to Dale R. Walters .

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  1. RAMTECH LIMITED, Larkspur, CA, USA

    Robert A. Meyers

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Walters, D.R. (2012). Crop Diseases , Management and Control of. In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_103

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