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Born: February 20, 1871; Died: April 8, 1942
Dodge attended Williams College (AB 1893) where he developed a deep interest in philosophical questions. He next went to Germany and, unlike most Americans who sought out either Wundt, Stumpf, or Müller, followed a recommendation of an American mentor and studied with Benno Erdmann at Halle. Erdmann came to the conclusion that Dodge, for various reasons, did not have the requisite skills to become a distinguished philosopher. However, fortunately for psychology, Erdmann had other interests including the psychology of reading. He set Dodge, who had natural mechanical ability, the task of constructing apparatus to capture the process of eye movements during reading. Together Dodge and Erdmann developed an improved tachistoscope for isolating words in text, publishing the results of their studies in 1898 under the title Psychologische Untersuchungen über das Lesen, which incorporated the insight that, in reading,...
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References
Diefendorf, A. R., & Dodge, R. (1908). An experimental study of ocular reactions of the insane from photographic records. Brain, 31, 451–492.
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Dodge, R. (1931). Conditions and consequences of human variability. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dodge, R. (1934). Constructive reactionism: Knowledge of reality from a psychophysiological viewpoint. Psychological Review, 41(1), 98–102.
Dodge, R., & Benedict, F. G. (1915). Psychological effects of alcohol. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Dodge, R., & Kahn, E. (1931). The craving for superiority. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Vicary, E. Z. (1999). Raymond Dodge. In J. A. Garraty & M. C. Carnes (Eds.), American national biography (Vol. 6). New York: Oxford University Press.
Wade, N., & Tatler, B. W. (2005). The moving tablet of the eye: The origins of modern eye movement research. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Devonis, D.C. (2012). Dodge, Raymond. In: Rieber, R.W. (eds) Encyclopedia of the History of Psychological Theories. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0463-8_85
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