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Soft Matter Characterization pp 997–1020Cite as

Analysis of Polyelectrolytes by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

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1 Introduction

Polyelectrolytes consist of long linear polymer chains with attached groups that dissociate in polar solvents into a macroion and counterions of opposite charge [1–6]. The strong electric field leads to a distinct spatial correlation of the counterions with the macroion which vastly exceeds the correlation of dissolved ions in low-molecular-weight systems. Due to the strong electric field of the macroions, a fraction of the counterions will be even “condensed” on the macroion [7–9], that is, the correlation is predicted to persist up to infinite dilution. In this way polyelectrolytes present systems with features not known for low-molecular weight systems.

The interaction between the charges and the dissolved macroions can be tuned by adding salt. Depending on ionic strength, the charges along the chains will more or less be screened. In case of flexible polyelectrolytes the increased repulsive interaction between the charged groups in salt-free solutions will be...

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Acknowledgment

We are indebted to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for generous support within the Schwerpunkt “Polyelektrolyte,” within the Forschergruppe “Stiff-Chain Polyelectrolytes,” and by the Sonderforschungsbereich 481, Bayreuth.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Beyreuth Beyreuth, Beyreuth, Germany

    M. Ballauff

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  1. M. Ballauff
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CERMAV, CNRS-UPR 5301 and Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex 9, France

    Redouane Borsali

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of California - Stanford Stauffer II, 375 North-South Mall, 94305-5080, Stanford, CA, USA

    Robert Pecora (Professor) (Professor)

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Ballauff, M. (2008). Analysis of Polyelectrolytes by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering. In: Borsali, R., Pecora, R. (eds) Soft Matter Characterization. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4465-6_19

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