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Introduction

Earth has experienced recurring periods of glaciation (icehouse climatic conditions) alternating with periods of warm climate (greenhouse climatic conditions) (Figure G41; Hambrey and Harland, 1981; Eyles, 1993; Crowell, 1999). Glaciations have occurred on one continent or another, except for the Mesoproterozoic (ca. 2–1 Ga) in Precambrian times and the Mesozoic (250–65 Ma) in Phanerozoic times (Figure G42).

Figure G41
figure 41_96

Major tectonic, environmental and climatic change on Earth (after Doyle et al., 1995; with data from Berner, 1990; Young, 1999).

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Arnaud, E., Martini, I.P. (2009). Glaciations, Pre-Quaternary. In: Gornitz, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4411-3_96

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