Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Introduction

Abrupt climate changes are events that have affected the Earth many times; it is not only possible but also likely that these will affect us in the future (Alley et al., 2002). While gradual climate changes allow time for those affected to adjust, rapid events often cause greater impact simply because of their rapidity. While we do not yet understand past rapid climate events enough to predict them, we can examine past data and use models to test our ideas about why they occur. One of the most useful ways to approach the data is to examine the occurrence, magnitude, timing, and distribution of these events, fitting together the pieces of a global puzzle.

Younger Dryas – prime example of abrupt climate change

The Younger Dryas (YD) is known as the best example of an abrupt climatic event recorded on land, in the oceans, and in ice cores (Alley et al., 2002, 2003). It was a cold event that occurred between 11,000 and 10,000 14C years ago, (approximately 12,800 and 11,600...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Alley, R.B., Meese, D.A., Shuman, C.A., et al., 1993. Abrupt increase in Greenland snow accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas event. Nature, 362, 527–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alley, R.B., Marotzke, J., Nordhaus, W.E., Overpeck, J.T., Peteet, D.M., Pielke, R.A. Jr., Pierrehumbert, R.T., Rhines, P.B., Stocker, T.F., Talley, L.D., and Wallace, J.M., 2002. Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, National Research Council, 230pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alley, R.B., Marotzke, J., Nordhaus, W.E., Overpeck, J.T., Peteet, D.M., Pielke, R.A. Jr., Pierrehumbert, R.T., Rhines, P.B., Stocker, T.F., Talley, L.D., and Wallace, J.M., 2003. Abrupt climate change. Science, 299, 2005–2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behl, R.J., and Kennett, J.P., 1996. Brief interstadial events in the Santa Barbara basin, NE Pacific, during the past 60 kyr. Nature, 379, 243–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birks, H.H., and Ammann, B., 2000. Two terrestrial records of rapid climate change during the glacial-Holocene transition (14,000 to 9,000 calendar years BP) from Europe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97(4), 1390–1394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, G., and Lotti, R., 1995. Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millennial timescales during the last deglaciation. Science, 267, 1005–1010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, G.C., Kromer, B., Beer, J., Muscheler, R., Evans, M., Showers, W., Hoffmann, S., Lotti-Bond, R., Hajdas, I., and Bonani, G., 2001. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene. Science, 294, 2130–2136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broecker, W., Peteet, D., and Rind, D., 1985. Does the ocean-atmosphere have more than one stable mode of operation? Nature, 315, 21–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clement, A.C., Cane, M.A., and Seager, R., 2001. An orbitally driven tropical source for abrupt climate change. J. Clim., 14, 2369–2375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuffey, K.M., Clow, G.D., Alley, R.B., Stuiver, M., Waddington, E.D., and Saltus, R.W., 1995. Large Arctic temperature change at the Wisconsin-Holocene glacial transition. Science, 270, 455–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B., et al., 1993. Evidence of instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice core record. Nature, 364, 143–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughen, K., Overpeck, J., Peterson, L., and Trumbore, S., 1996. Rapid climate changes in the tropical Atlantic region during the deglaciation. Nature, 380, 51–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, K., 1938. Some west Baltic pollen diagrams. Quartar, 1, 124–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennett, J.P., and Ingram, B.L., 1995. A 20,000 year record of ocean circulation and climate change from the Santa Barbara basin. Nature, 377, 510–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunz, M., and Reanier, R., 1996. Paleoindians in Beringia. Science, 263, 660–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, D.H., Peteet, D.M., Reanier, R.E., and Kunz, M.L., 2002. Responses of an Arctic landscape to late-glacial and early Holocene climatic changes: The importance of moisture. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 997–1021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maslin, M.A., and Burns, S.J., 2000. Reconstruction of the Amazon basin effective moisture availability over the past 14,000 years. Science, 290, 2285–2287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayle, F.E., Levesque, A.J., and Cwynar, L.C., 1993. Accelerator mass spectrometry ages for the Younger Dryas event in Atlantic Canada. Quaternary Res., 39, 355–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikolajewicz, U., Crowley, T.J., Schiller, A., and Voss, R., 1997. Modelling teleconnections between North Atlantic and North Pacific during the Younger Dryas. Nature, 387, 384–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, A.M.T., and Hillman, G.C., 1992. The Pleistocene to Holocene transition and human economy in southwest Asia: the impact of the Younger Dryas. Am. Antiquity, 57(3), 482–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa, T., Kitagawa, H., Yasuda, Y., Tarasov, P.E., Nishida, K., Gotanda, K., Sawai, Y., and Yangtze River Civilization Program Members, 2003. Asynchronous climate changes in the North Atlantic and Japan during the last termination. Science, 299, 688–691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peteet, D., 1995. Global Younger Dryas? Quaternary Int., 28, 93–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peteet, D.M., Vogel, J.S., Nelson, D.E., Southon, J.R., Nickman, J.R., and Heusser, L.E., 1990. Younger Dryas climatic reversal in northeastern USA? AMS ages for an old problem. Quaternary Res., 33, 219–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peteet, D.M., Daniels, R., Heusser, L.E., Vogel, J.S., Southon, J.R., and Nelson, D.E., 1993. Late-glacial pollen, macrofossils, and fish remains in the northeastern USA – the Younger Dryas oscillation. Quaternary Sci. Rev., 2, 597–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renssen, H., 1997. The global response to Younger Dryas boundary conditions in an AGCM simulation. Clim. Dyn., 13, 587–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rind, D., Peteet, D., Broecker, W., McIntyre, A., and Ruddiman, W., 1986. The Impact of cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures on climate: implications for the Younger Dryas cooling (11–10 k). Clim. Dyn., 1, 3–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruddiman, W.F., and McIntyre, A., 1981. The North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol., 35, 145–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, K.C., Lamorey, G.W., et al., 1993. The “flickering switch” of late Pleistocene climatic change. Nature, 361, 432–436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, M.J.C., 1994. Climatic changes in Europe during the last glacial/interglacial transition. Quaternary Int., 28, 63–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.J., et al., 2001. A high-resolution absolute dated Late Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave, China. Science, 294, 2345–2348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watts, W.A., 1980. Regional variations in the response of vegettaion of late-glacial climate events in Europe. In Lowe, J.J., Gray, J.M., and Robinson, J.E. (eds), The Late-Glacial of Northwest Europe. New York: Pergamon, pp. 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag

About this entry

Cite this entry

Peteet, D.M. (2009). Younger Dryas. In: Gornitz, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4411-3_230

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics