Introduction
Impounding and retaining water in reservoirs has been one essential basic development for the onset of human civilization. An important aspect, though, which has been known for a long time and which has lately gained in importance, is reservoir sedimentation. Statistics show that more than 50% of streams and rivers are dammed, which implies that the greater part of transported sediment, in fact some 80%, is trapped in reservoirs. This corresponds to a volume of about 8–16 km³ (Lemperier and and Lafitte, 2006). Morris and Fan (1998) quantified the world’s total sediment deposit at between 15 and 40 Gt p.a.; this corresponds to between 0.5 and 1 t of sediment per 1,000 m³ of water. White (2001) estimates that more than 0.5% of the total reservoir storage volume is lost worldwide due to reservoir sedimentation. The costs for restoring these losses and rebuilding the dams can be estimated at US$13 billion a year (Palmieri et al., 2003). Considering the different scales of...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Badura, H., 2002. Erstellung einer Schwebstoffbilanz im Einzugsgebiet des Speichers Großsölk in der Steiermark. Diploma Thesis at the Department of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
Bieringer, B., 1983. Der Wald im Naturpark. In Führer durch den heimischen Wald – Die Bedeutung des Waldes im Naturpark Sölktäler, Walling.
Buckley, R. B., 1911. Irrigation Pocket Book. London: E. u. F. Spon.
Bühler, J., Siegenthaler, C., Simitovic, R., Wüest, A., and Zeh, M., 2004. Trübeströme im Grimselsee, Wasser, Energie, Luft, Heft 5/6, Baden, Switzerland.
Cook, C. B., and Richmond, M. C., 2004. Monitoring and simulating 3-D density currents at the confluence of the snake and clearwater rivers, http://www.pubs.asce.org/.
De Cesare, G., and Schleiss, A., 2004. Physical and Numerical Modelling of Turbidity Currents. Lausanne: EPFL.
Engez, N., 1961. Verlandungserscheinungen in Talsperrenbecken und die Wirkung der Grundablässe, Mitteilung 54, Institut für Wasserbau und Wasserwirtschaft der TU Berlin, Germany.
Firoozabadi, B., Farhanieh, B., and Rad, M., 2003. Hydrodynamics of two-dimensional, laminar turbid density currents. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 41(6), 623–630.
Ford, D., and Johnson, M., 1983. An assessment of Reservoir Density Currents and Inflow Processes. Vicksburg: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vol. E-83-7.
Google, 2007. Software google earth.
Gruber, R., 2009. Erfassung und Bearbeitung von Dichteströmen am Beispiel des Sölkspeichers. Diploma Thesis at the Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
Habersack, H. M., Schneider, J., Bogner, K., Brauner, M., Markart, G., Kohl, B., Badura, H., Fenicia, F., Gamerith, B., Koboltschnig, G., Mayr, P., Mischker, J., Öhlböck, K., Preinsdorfer, S., Santner, P., Wakonig, B., Botthof, M., and Fieger, S., 2002. Water resources management in a changing environment: the impact of sediment on sustainability, Final report. Department of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
HL, 1975. Hydrological expertise for the river Großsölkbach, 2 km upstream of the estuary Feistabach. Hydrographische Landesabteilung des Amtes der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung, Austria.
Knoblauch, H., and Simões, F., 2000. Calculation of the Plunge Point at Whiskeytown Reservoir, California. In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Stratified Flows, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, July 10–13, 2000.
Lempérièr, F., and Lafitte, R., 2006. The role of dams in the XXI Century to achieve a sustainable development target. Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century, ICOLD-SPANCOLD, Barcelona, Spain18 June 2006.
Molino, B., Greco, M., and Rowan, J. S., 2001. A 2-D reservoir routing model: sedimentation history of abbeystead reservoir. Water Resources Management, 15, 109–122.
Morris, G. L., and Fan, J., 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Oehy, C., De Cesare, G., and Schleiss, A., 2000. Einfluss von Trübeströmen auf die Verlandung von Staubecken. Schriftenreihe der TU Graz, Nr. 34, Austria.
Palmieri, A., Shah, F., Annandale, G. W., and Dinar, A., 2003. Reservoir Conservation. Washington, DC: The World Bank. The RESCON Approach, Vol. 1.
Putz, W., 2007. Wirtschaftlichkeitsuntersuchung von Stauraumspülungen am Beispiel des Sölkstaus. Diploma Thesis at the Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
Schneider, J., 2002. Verlandungsproblematik eines alpinen Speichers am Beispiel des Sölkstaus. Dissertation at the Department of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
Schneider, J., 2004. Durchschleusen von Dichteströmen als Alternative zu Stauraumspülungen zur Verringerung negativer Auswirkungen auf die Ökologie von Unterliegern, Symposium Lebensraum Fluss, Hochwasserschutz, Wasserkraft, Ökologie, pp. 133–142, Wallgau, Germany.
Schoklitsch, A., 1935. Stauraumverlandung und Kolkabwehr. Vienna: Springer.
Troy, W., 2006. Naturmessungen zur Erfassung von Dichteströmungen am Beispiel des Sölkstaus. Diploma Thesis at the Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
Wachter, S., 2008. Beschreibung von Dichteströmen im Sölkspeicher unter Anwendung von Naturmessungen. Diploma Thesis at the Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
White, W. R., 2001. Evacuation of Sediments from Reservoirs. London: Thomas Telford.
Xiaoqing, Y., 2003. Manual on Sediment Management and Measurement. World Meteorolgical Organization, Operational Hydrology Report No. 47, Geneve, Switzerland.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to express their gratitude to the FFG – Austrian Research Promotion Agency, which has financed the greater part of the project ETS – Influence of turbidity currents on reservoir sedimentation – venting through a bottom outlet as an alternative (Contract Number 810977). Many thanks also to the economic partner and co-financer Verbund Hydro Power AG.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Schneider, J., Harb, G., Badura, H. (2012). Turbidity Currents in Reservoirs. In: Bengtsson, L., Herschy, R.W., Fairbridge, R.W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_231
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_231
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5616-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4410-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences