Definition
Tsunami: a series of traveling ocean waves of extremely long length generated primarily by earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor. Volcanic eruptions, landslides, and asteroids can also generate tsunamis.
Introduction
The December 26, 2004, tsunami was the most deadly tsunami and which led to one of the greatest disasters in historical times. Some 280,000 people were killed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Africa. The Aceh province in the Sumatra Indonesian Island was the most affected area with about 167,000 killed. The December 26, 2004, tsunami was unusually violent, but deadly tsunamis are frequent in Indonesia. This country may have faced more than 250 tsunamis during the last four centuries, with over one third being deadly. This contribution focuses on the December 26, 2004, tsunami impacts in the Aceh province, in Indonesia, which was the most damaged area.
Tsunami sources and offshore tsunami propagation
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Arunotai, N., 2008. Saved by an old legend and a keen observation: the case of Moken Sea Nomads in Thailand. In Shaw, R., Uy, N., and Baumwoll, J. (eds.), Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction: Good Practices and Lessons Learnt from the Asia-Pacific Region. UNISDR Asia and Pacific, United Nations for Disaster Risk Reduction, Bangkok, pp. 73–78.
Chlieh, M., Avouac, J.-P., Hjorleifsdottir, V., Song, T.-R. A., Sieh, K., Sladen, A., Hébert, H., Prawirodirdjo, L., Bock, Y., and Galetzka, J., 2007. Coseismic slip and afterslip of the great (Mw 9.15) Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake of 2004. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97, 152–173.
Fu, G., and Sun, W., 2006. Global co-seismic displacements caused by the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake (Mw 9.1). Earth Planets Space, 58, 149–152.
Gaillard, J.-C., Clavé, E., and Kelman, I., 2008a. Wave of peace? Tsunami disaster diplomacy in Aceh, Indonesia. Geoforum, 39(1), 511–526.
Gaillard, J.-C., Clavé, E., Vibert, O., Azhari, D., Denain, J.-C., Efendi, Y., Grancher, D., Liamzon, C. C., Sari, D. S. R., and Setiawan, R., 2008b. Ethnic groups’ response to the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia. Natural Hazards, 47(1), 17–38.
Imamura, F., Gica, E., Takahashi, T., and Shuto, N., 1995. Numerical simulation of the 1992 Flores tsunami: interpretation of tsunami phenomena in northeastern Flores Island and damage at Babi Island. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 144(3–4), 555–568.
Kato, K., and Tsuji, Y., 1995. Tsunami of the Sumba earthquake of August 19, 1977. Journal of Natural Disaster Science, 17(2), 87–100.
Lavigne, F., Gomez, C., Giffo, M., Wassmer, P., Hoebreck, C., Mardiatno, D., Prioyono, J., and Paris, R., 2007. Field observations of the 17th July 2006 tsunami in Java. Natural Hazard and Earth Sciences Systems, 7, 177–183.
Lavigne, F., Paris, R., Grancher, D., Wassmer, P., Brunstein, D., Vautier, F., Leone, F., Flohic, F., De Coster, B., Gunawan, T., Gomez, C., Setiawan, A., Cahyadi, R., and Fachrizal, 2009. Reconstruction of tsunami inland propagation on December 26, 2004 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, through field investigations. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 13(166), 259–281.
Lay, T., Kanamori, H., Ammon, C. J., Nettles, M., Ward, S. N., Aster, R. C., Beck, S. L., Bilek, S. L., Brudzinski, M. R., Butler, R., Deshon, H. R., Ekström, G., Sakate, K., and Sipkin, S., 2005. The great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004. Science, 308, 1127–1133.
Leitmann, J., 2007. Cities and calamities: learning from post-disaster response in Indonesia. Journal of Urban Health, 84(Suppl. 1), 144–153.
Leone, F., Vinet, F., Denain, J.-C., and Bachri, S., 2011. L’analyse spatiale des dommages sur le bâti: contribution méthodologique et enseignements pour les futurs scénarios de risque tsunami. In Lavigne, F., and Paris, R. (eds.), Tsunarisque: le tsunami du 26 décembre 2004 à Aceh, Indonésie. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, pp. 77–96.
Maramai, A., and Tinti, S., 1997. The 3 June 1994 Java tsunami: a post-event survey of the coastal effects. Natural Hazards, 15(1), 31–49.
Matsutomi, H., Shuto, N., Imamura, F., and Takahashi, T., 2001. Field Survey of the 1996 Irian Jaya earthquake tsunami in Biak Island. Natural Hazards, 24(3), 119–212.
Meltzner, A. J., Sieh, K., Abrams, M., Agnew, D.-C., Hudnut, K.-W., Avouac, J.-P., and Natawidjaja, D. H., 2006. Uplift and subsidence associated with the great Aceh-Andaman earthquake of 2004. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B02407.
Morin, J., De Coster, B., Flohic, F., Lavigne, F., Le Floch, D., and Paris, R., 2008. Assessment and prevention of tsunami risk in Indonesia. Disaster Prevention and Management, 17(3), 430–446.
Paris, R., Fournier, J., Poizot, E., Etienne, S., Morin, J., Lavigne, F., and Wassmer, P., 2010. Boulder and fine sediment transport and deposition by the 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (western Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia): a coupled offshore – onshore model. Marine Geology, 268, 43–54.
Paris, R., Lavigne, F., Wassmer, P., and Sartohadi, J., 2007. Coastal sedimentation associated with the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga, West Banda Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia). Marine Geology, 238, 93–106.
Paris, R., Wassmer, P., Sartohadi, J., Lavigne, F., Barthomeuf, B., Desgages, E., Grancher, D., Baumer, P., Vautier, F., Brunstein, D., and Gomez, C., 2009. Tsunamis as geomorphic crisis: lessons from the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga, West Banda Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia). Geomorphology, 104, 59–72.
Republic of Indonesia, 2005. Main book of rehabilitation and reconstruction. In Master Plan for Rehabilitation and reconstruction for the Regions and People of the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and Nias Islands of the Province of North Sumatra, Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi, Banda Aceh, Vol. 1 (13 Vol).
Shuto, N., 1997. A natural warning of tsunami arrival. In Hebenstreit, G. T. (ed.), Perspectives on Tsunami Hazard Reduction, Observation Theory and Planning. Dordrecht: Springer. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, pp. 157–173.
Synolakis, C. E., Okal, E. A., and Bernard, E. N., 2005. The Megatsunami of December 26 2004. The Bridge, 35(2), 26–35.
Yalciner, A. C., Perincek, D., Ersoy, S., Presateya, G. S., Hidayat, R., and McAdoo, B., 2005. December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami field survey (January 21–31, 2005) at north of Sumatra Island. Available from World Wide Web: http://yalciner.ce.metu.edu.tr/sumatra/survey/.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Lavigne, F., Paris, R., Leone, F., Gaillard, J.C., Morin, J. (2013). Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004. In: Bobrowsky, P.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_192
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_192
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8699-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4399-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences