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Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks pp 3–4Cite as

Allophane and imogolite

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Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Allophane and imogolite are clay-sized minerals commonly associated with tephra deposits. They are also found in some non-tephric soils and sediments, as well as in streambeds and drains.

Definitions

Ross and Kerr (1934) showed that allophane was an X-ray amorphous material commonly associated with the clay-mineral halloysite. They suggested that “the name allophane should be restricted to mutual solid solutions of silica, alumina, water and minor amounts of bases but should include all such materials, even though the proportions of these constituents may vary.” Although this definition is still generally acceptable, some changes are required to (a) exclude imogolite, (b) allow for broad X-ray diffraction lines that are shown by allophane, and (c) allow for synthetic allophanes, that may not contain bases at low pH.

The definition given by Parfitt (1990a)is “Allophane is the name of a group of clay-size minerals with short-range-order which contain silica, alumina and water in...

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Bibliography

  • Farmer, V.C., and Russell, J.D., 1990. The structure and genesis of allophanes and imogolite: their distribution in non-volcanic soils. In Soil Colloids and their Associations in Soil Aggregates. Proc. NATO Advanced Studies Workshop, Ghent, 1985, NY: Plenum.

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  • Jongmans, A.G., Verburg, P., Nieuwenhuyse, A., and Vanoort, F., 1995. Allophane, imogolite, and gibbsite in coatings in a Costa Rican andisol. Geoderma, 64: 327–342.

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  • Jongmans, A.G., Denaix, L., Vanoort, F., and Nieuwenhuyse, A., 2000. Induration of C horizons by allophane and imogolite in Costa Rican volcanic soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64: 254–262.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Landcare Research, PB 11052, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Roger L.

Authors
  1. Roger L.
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Geography and Geology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada

    Gerard V. Middleton

  2. Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T IZ2, Canada

    Michael J. Church

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G I, Canada

    Mario Coniglio

  4. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    Lawrence A. Hardie

  5. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada

    Frederick J. Longstaffe

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© 1978 Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc.

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L., R. (1978). Allophane and imogolite. In: Middleton, G.V., Church, M.J., Coniglio, M., Hardie, L.A., Longstaffe, F.J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3609-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3609-5_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-0872-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-3609-5

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