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HIV/AIDS Global Epidemic

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  • First Online:
Infectious Diseases

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  • Originally published in
  • R. A. Meyers (ed.), Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021

Glossary

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) :

A clinical syndrome caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Its pathogenesis is related to a qualitative and quantitative impairment of the immune system, particularly a reduction of the CD4+ helper T lymphocyte cell count (surrogate marker of the disease). After an average of 10 years if untreated, HIV+ individuals can develop opportunistic diseases (i.e., infections and cancers rarely detected in people with normal immune systems). The natural history of the disease can be dramatically modified with administration of combination therapy composed of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs.

CCR5 :

CCR5 is a cell membrane protein expressed on several cell types including peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells, CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, and certain activated/memory Th1 lymphocytes. This receptor is well defined as a major co-receptor in conjunction with CD4+, implicated in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.

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    Phyllis J. Kanki & Catherine K. Koofhethile

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Kanki, P.J., Koofhethile, C.K. (2023). HIV/AIDS Global Epidemic. In: Shulman, L.M. (eds) Infectious Diseases. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2463-0_522

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