Synonyms
Definition
Brake friction materials are multiphase composites containing numerous ingredients and are used to control the vehicle speed by squeezing a rotating brake disc (or drum). The types and relative amount of ingredients in the friction material and fabrication methodology strongly affect the braking efficiency, wear resistance, and propensity of brake-induced noise, vibration, and harshness.
Scientific Fundamentals
Introduction
The friction material in a brake system is a multiphase composite containing more than ten ingredients and is considered one of the most complicated material systems. This is because the brake friction material must be developed to sustain brake performance in a wide temperature range and designed to moderate friction-induced excitation at the sliding interface by proper material design. A typical set-up for a disc brake system with the friction material in the brake pad is shown in Fig. 1. A...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
F. Bergman, M. Eriksson, S. Jacobson, Influence of disc topography on generation of brake squeal. Wear 225, 621–633 (1999)
M.E. Campbell, J.B. Loser, E. Sneegas, Solid lubricants, Technology Survey NASA SP-5059 (1966)
M.H. Cho, J.J. Lee, S.J. Kim, H. Jang, Tribological properties of solid lubricants (graphite, Sb2S3, MoS2) for automotive brake friction materials. Wear 260, 855–860 (2006)
K.H. Cho, M.H. Cho, S.J. Kim, H. Jang, Tribological properties of potassium titanate in the brake friction material; Morphological effects. Tribol. Lett. 32, 59–66 (2008a)
K.H. Cho, H. Jang, Y.S. Hong, S.J. Kim, R.H. Basch, J.W. Fash, The size effect of zircon particles on the friction characteristics of brake lining materials. Wear 264, 291–297 (2008b)
D.A. Crolla, A.M. Lang, Brake noise and vibration-the state of art, in Vehicle Tribology, ed. by D. Dowson, C.M. Taylor, M. Godet. Tribology Series, vol. 18 (Leeds University, Leeds, 1991), pp. 165–174
Directive 2001-41-EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 June 2001
M. Eriksson, F. Bergman, S. Jacobson, Surface characterization of brake pads after running under silent and squealing conditions. Wear 232, 163–167 (1999)
M. Eriksson, F. Bergman, S. Jacobson, On the nature of tribological contact in automotive brakes. Wear 252, 26–36 (2002)
Global Automotive Stakeholder Group (GASG), Global automotive declarable substance (GADS) list (2010)
U.S. Hong, S.L. Jung, K.H. Cho, M.H. Cho, S.J. Kim, H. Jang, Wear mechanism of multiphase friction materials with different phenolic resin matrices. Wear 266, 739–744 (2009)
M.G. Jacko, S.K. Rhee, Brake linings and clutch facings, in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, ed. by K. Othmer, vol. 4, 4th edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 1992), pp. 525–536
H. Jang, S.J. Kim, The effect of antimony trisulphide and zirconium silicate in the automotive brake friction material on friction characteristics. Wear 239, 229–236 (2000)
H. Jang, J.H. Yoon, S.J. Kim, J.Y. Lee, H.D. Park, The effect of the composition and microsctructure of gray cast iron on preferential wear during parasitic drag and on intrinsic damping capacity, SAE Technical Papers 2003-01-3313 (2003), pp. 57–64
H. Jang, K. Ko, S.J. Kim, R.H. Basch, J.W. Fash, The effect of metal fibers on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials. Wear 256, 406–414 (2004)
S.J. Kim, H. Jang, Friction and wear of friction materials containing two different phenolic resins reinforced with aramid pulp. Tribol. Int. 33, 477–484 (2000)
S.J. Kim, M.H. Cho, D.S. Lim, H. Jang, Synergistic effect of aramid pulp and potassium titanate whiskers in the automotive friction material. Wear 251, 1484–1491 (2001)
S.J. Kim, M.H. Cho, R.H. Basch, J.W. Fash, H. Jang, Tribological properties of polymer composites containing barite and potassium titanate. Tribol. Lett. 17, 655–661 (2004)
A. Knop, W. Scheib, Chemistry and Application of Phenolic Resins (Springer, Heidelberg, 1979)
E.J. Lee, H.J. Hwang, W.G. Lee, K.H. Cho, H. Jang, Morphology and toughness of abrasives particles and their effects on the friction and wear of friction materials: a case study with zircon and quartz. Tribol. Lett. 37, 637–644 (2010)
G. Nicholson, Facts About Friction (P&W Price Enterprises, Croydon, 1995)
R.P. Nolan, A.M. Langer, in Proceedings of Fibers in Friction Materials Symposium, The Asbestos Institute, vol. 75 (Quebec, 1987)
R.T. Spurr, A theory of brake squeal. Proc. Instn. Mech. Eng. 33–52, (1961–1962)
Acknowledgments
The author is grateful to Dr. S.J. Kim of Hyundai Motor Company, Dr. M.H. Cho at Hyundai MOBIS, and Dr. K.H. Cho at Mando Corporation for their helpful discussion. The figures in this article were provided by Hyundai Motor Company.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Jang, H. (2013). Brake Friction Materials. In: Wang, Q.J., Chung, YW. (eds) Encyclopedia of Tribology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_827
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_827
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-92896-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-92897-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering