Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology pp 44–49Cite as

Animal Models of Hepatitis B and C

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:

  • 553 Accesses

Synonyms

Animal models; Viral hepatitis

Definition

Infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is limited to humans and chimpanzees. Considerable information about the mechanisms that cause viral clearance, viral persistence, and disease pathogenesis has been obtained in the last few decades using chimpanzees infected with HBV and HCV, smaller animal species (woodchuck, duck, Tupaia) infected with related viruses, as well as transgenic or humanized/chimeric mouse models that replicate the viral life cycles to varying degrees.

Introduction

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are prototypic members of the Hepadnaviridae and Flaviviridae families, respectively, which are unique in their capacity to cause persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer in humans (Guidotti and Chisari 2006). HBV and HCV are considered noncytopathic viruses, and therefore, immune-mediated events play an important role in the pathogenesis and outcome of these...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   799.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   949.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Buckwold VE, Beer BE, Donis RO. Bovine viral diarrhea virus as a surrogate model of hepatitis C virus for the evaluation of antiviral agents. Antiviral Res. 2003;60:1–15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao J, Yang EB, Su JJ, Li Y, Chow P. The tree shrews: adjuncts and alternatives to primates as models for biomedical research. J Med Primatol. 2003;32:123–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorner M, Horwitz JA, Robbins JB, Barry WT, Feng Q, Mu K, Jones CT, Schoggins JW, Catanese MT, Burton DR, Law M, Rice CM, Ploss A. A genetically humanized mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection. Nature. 2011;474:208–11.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Guidotti LG, Chisari FV. Immunobiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2006;1:23–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guidotti LG, Matzke B, Schaller H, Chisari FV. High-level hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice. J Virol. 1995;69:6158–69.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Guidotti LG, Rochford R, Chung J, Shapiro M, Purcell R, Chisari FV. Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection. Science. 1999;284:825–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iannacone M, Sitia G, Isogawa M, Marchese P, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR, Chisari FV, Ruggeri ZM, Guidotti LG. Platelets mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced liver damage. Nat Med. 2005;11:1167–9.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jilbert AR, Kotlarski I. Immune responses to duck hepatitis B virus infection. Dev Comp Immunol. 2000;24:285–302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jo J, Lohmann V, Bartenschlager R, Thimme R. Experimental models to study the immunobiology of hepatitis C virus. J Gen Virol. 2011;92:477–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kakimi K, Lane TE, Wieland S, Asensio VC, Campbell IL, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Blocking chemokine responsive to gamma-2/interferon (IFN)-gamma inducible protein and monokine induced by IFN-gamma activity in vivo reduces the pathogenetic but not the antiviral potential of hepatitis B virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 2001;194:1755–66.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Menne S, Cote PJ. The woodchuck as an animal model for pathogenesis and therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:104–24.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Meuleman P, Leroux-Roels G. The human liver-uPA-SCID mouse: a model for the evaluation of antiviral compounds against HBV and HCV. Antiviral Res. 2008;80:231–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamoto Y, Guidotti LG, Kuhlen CV, Fowler P, Chisari FV. Immune pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Med. 1998;188:341–50.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rehermann B, Ferrari C, Pasquinelli C, Chisari FV. The hepatitis B virus persists for decades after patients' recovery from acute viral hepatitis despite active maintenance of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. Nat Med. 1996;2:1104–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roggendorf M, Yang D, Lu M. The woodchuck: a model for therapeutic vaccination against hepadnaviral infection. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2010;58:308–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz U, Grgacic E, Nassal M. Duck hepatitis B virus: an invaluable model system for HBV infection. Adv Virus Res. 2004;63:1–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoukry NH, Cawthon AG, Walker CM. Cell-mediated immunity and the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2004;58:391–424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sitia G, Iannacone M, Aiolfi R, Isogawa M, van Rooijen N, Scozzesi C, Bianchi ME, von Andrian UH, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Kupffer cells hasten resolution of liver immunopathology in mouse models of viral hepatitis. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7:e1002061.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Thimme R, Wieland S, Steiger C, Ghrayeb J, Reimann KA, Purcell RH, Chisari FV. CD8(+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol. 2003;77:68–76.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wieland SF, Chisari FV. Stealth and cunning: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. J Virol. 2005;79:9369–80.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132, Milan, Italy

    Luca G. Guidotti

  2. Department of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Luca G. Guidotti

Authors
  1. Luca G. Guidotti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luca G. Guidotti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Ian R. Mackay

  2. Center for Autoimmune Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Noel R. Rose

  3. The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Betty Diamond

  4. The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Anne Davidson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Guidotti, L.G. (2014). Animal Models of Hepatitis B and C. In: Mackay, I.R., Rose, N.R., Diamond, B., Davidson, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84828-0_69

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84828-0_69

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-84827-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-84828-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation