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Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology pp 1412–1413Cite as

Korsakoff (Korsakov), Sergei Sergeievich (1854–1900)

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Major Appointments

  • Physician, Preobrazhenskii Mental Hospital, Moscow, Russia.

  • Chair of Psychiatry, Preobrazhenskii Mental Hospital, Moscow, Russia.

  • Superintendent, Psychiatric Clinic, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia.

Major Honors and Awards

  • 1890 Founded the Moscow Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists.

Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions

  • Korsakoff is best known for his work detailing the cognitive and physical effects of chronic alcoholism. His initial contribution to this area was his 1887 doctoral thesis, which found that many alcoholics demonstrated evidence of polyneuritis (e.g., muscular weakness and pain, staggering gait) as well as profound memory impairments and confabulation. Although others (e.g., James Jackson in 1822; Robert Lawson in 1879) had previously described some of these same symptoms, Korsakoff realized the cognitive and physical symptoms were characteristic of a single disease. In fact, Korsakoff initially named the disorder ps...

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References and Readings

  • Finger, S. (1994). Origins of neuroscience: A history of explorations into brain function (pp. 357–362). New York: Oxford University Press.

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  • Beighton, P., & Beighton, G. (1997). The person behind the syndrome. New York: Springer.

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  • Korsakoff, S. S. (1887). Disturbance of psychic function in alcoholic paralysis and its relation to the disturbance of the psychic sphere in multiple neuritis of non-alcoholic origin. Quoted by M. Victor, R. D. Adams, G. H. Collins (1971) The Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome. Oxford: Blackwell.

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  • Korsakoff, S. S. (1889a). Psychic disorder in conjunction with peripheral neuritis. (trans: Victor, M., Yakovlev, P. I., 1955) Neurology, 5, 394–406.

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  • Korsakoff, S. S. (1889b). Etude medico-psychologique sur une forme des maladies de la me moire. Revue Philosophie, 20, 501–530.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Emory University/Rehabilitation Medicine, Atlanta VAMC RR&D CoE, 1441 Clifton Road Suite 150, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Benjamin M. Hampstead

Authors
  1. Benjamin M. Hampstead
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Professor of Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University – Medical Center Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VCU, 980542, Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0542, USA

    Jeffrey S. Kreutzer

  2. Kessler Foundation Research Center, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA

    John DeLuca

  3. Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – New Jersey Medical School, New Jersey, USA

    John DeLuca

  4. Independent Practice, 564 M.O.B. East, 100 E. Lancaster Ave., Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA

    Bruce Caplan

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Hampstead, B.M. (2011). Korsakoff (Korsakov), Sergei Sergeievich (1854–1900). In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_631

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