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Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology pp 93–94Cite as

Alprazolam

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Generic Name

Alprazolam

Brand Name

Xanax, Xanax XR

Class

Benzodiazepine

Proposed Mechanism(s) of Action

Binds to benzodiazepine receptors at the GABA-A ligand-gated channel, thus allowing for neuronal hyperpolarization. Benzodiazepines enhance the inhibitory action of GABA via boosted chloride conductance.

Indication

Generalized Anxiety and Panic Disorders

Off Label Use

Other anxiety disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, insomnia, adjunctive treatment in mania and psychosis, premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Side Effects

Serious

Respiratory depression, hepatic dysfunction (rare), renal dysfunction and blood dyscrasias, grand mal seizures

Common

Sedation, fatigue, depression, dizziness, memory problems, disinhibition, confusion, ataxia, slurred speech

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References and Readings

  • Physicians’ Desk Reference (62nd ed.). (2007). Montvale, NJ: Thomson PDR.

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  • Stahl, S. M. (2007). Essential psychopharmacology: The prescriber’s guide (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital of New Orleans, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, 70118, New Orleans, LA, USA

    John C. Courtney

Authors
  1. John C. Courtney
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Professor of Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University – Medical Center Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VCU, 980542, Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0542, USA

    Jeffrey S. Kreutzer

  2. Kessler Foundation Research Center, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA

    John DeLuca

  3. Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – New Jersey Medical School, New Jersey, USA

    John DeLuca

  4. Independent Practice, 564 M.O.B. East, 100 E. Lancaster Ave., Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA

    Bruce Caplan

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© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Courtney, J.C. (2011). Alprazolam. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1624

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1624

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-79947-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-79948-3

  • eBook Packages: Behavioral Science

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