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Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology pp 423–426Cite as

Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent

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Synonyms

BOLD

Definition

BOLD imaging is a version of magnetic resonance imaging that depends on the different magnetic properties of oxygenated versus deoxygenated hemoglobin and thus, indirectly, on variations in local tissue perfusion. The utility of BOLD imaging for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also depends on the physiological phenomenon by which metabolically active cerebral tissue “demands” more perfusion than less-active tissue. Thus, populations of neurons that are particularly active during a cognitive or motor task actually elicit a relative surplus of perfusion which, in turn, results in an increase in the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin, detectable as a change in the BOLD signal.

Historical Background

As early as 1890, Roy and Sherrington noted that regional cerebral blood flow increased in areas of neural activity. This increase in perfusion became detectable in vivo with the advent of positron emission tomography (PET), in which radioactive...

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References and Readings

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Thomas Jefferson University, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, 60 E. Township Line Road, 19027, Elkins Park, PA, USA

    John Whyte

Authors
  1. John Whyte
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Professor of Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University – Medical Center Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VCU, 980542, Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0542, USA

    Jeffrey S. Kreutzer

  2. Kessler Foundation Research Center, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA

    John DeLuca

  3. Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – New Jersey Medical School, New Jersey, USA

    John DeLuca

  4. Independent Practice, 564 M.O.B. East, 100 E. Lancaster Ave., Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA

    Bruce Caplan

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© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Whyte, J. (2011). Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-79947-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-79948-3

  • eBook Packages: Behavioral Science

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