Skip to main content

Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

  • Reference work entry
Pancreatic Cancer

Abstract:

Despite newer treatment modalities, overall outcome for pancreatic cancer has changed very little during the past thirty years. Surgery remains the mainstay, but delivery of adjuvant postoperative therapy has been shown to be essential for any long-term survival. Large prospective randomized studies have revealed conflicting data on whether chemotherapy alone or combination chemoradiation is optimal. Unfortunately, marked discrepancies exist with patient selection as well as trial design among these studies, resulting in inadequate comparisons of their conclusions. Nevertheless, similar to other gastrointestinal malignancies, it appears that adjuvant combination chemoradiation is superior to chemotherapy alone when the data is critically analyzed. This critical examination of the published data to date is provided in the forthcoming chapter, along with an assessment of what is needed for future trials to determine the optimal adjuvant treatment modality and improve overall outcome for pancreatic cancer patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al.: Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58(2):71–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Warshaw AL, Fernandex del-Castillo C: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 1992;326(7):455–465.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Foo ML, Gunderson LL, Nagorney DM et al.: Patterns of failure in grossly resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant irradiation +/- 5-flurouracil. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993;26:483–489.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Griffin JF, Smalley SR, Jeweall W, et al.: Patterns of failure after curative resection of pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 1990;66:56–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tepper J, Nardi G, Suit H: Carcinoma of the pancreas: review of MGH experience from 1963 to 1973. Analysis of surgical failure and implications for radiation therapy. Cancer 1973;37(3):1519–1524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Whittington R, Bryer MP, Haller DG, et al.: Adjuvant therapy of resected adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991;21(5):1137–1143.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hishinuma S, Ogata Y, Tomikawa M, et al.: Patterns of recurrence after curative resection of pancreatic cancer, based on autopsy findings. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10(4):511–518.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Mulcahy MF: Adjuvant therapy for pancreas cancer: Advances and Controversies. Seminars Oncol 2007;34:321–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Macdonald JS, Smalley SR, Benedetti J, et al.: Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. N Engl J Med 2001;345:725–730.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Krook JE, Moertel CG, Gunderson LL, et al.: Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1991;324:709–715.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Moertel CG, Childs DS Jr, Reitemeier RJ, et al.: Combined 5-flurouracil and supervoltage radiation therapy of locally unresectable gastrointestinal cancer. Lancet 1969;2:865–867.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hasalam JB, Cavenaugh PJ, Stroup SL: Radiation therapy in the treatment of irresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Cancer 1973;32:1341–1345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group: Further evidence of effective adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection of pancreatic cancer. Cancer 1987;59:2006–2010.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Klinkenbijl JH, Jeekel J, Sahmoud T, et al.: Adjuvant radiotherapy and 5-flurouracil after curative resection of cancer of the pancreas and periampullary region. Ann Surg 1999;230(6):776–782.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams RA, et al.: Flurouracil vs gemcitabine chemotherapy before and after flurouracil-based chemoradiation following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled trial [published correction appears in JAMA. 2008; 299(18):JCX80010]. JAMA 2008;299(9):1019–1026.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Neoptolemos JP, Dunn JA, Stocken DD, et al.: Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy in respectable pancreatic cancer: a randomized trial. Lancet 2001;358:1576–1585.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Oettle H, Post S, Neuhaus P, et al.: Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine vs observation in patients undergoing curative-intent resection of pancreatic cancer. JAMA 2007;297:267–277.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Douglass HO, Strablein DM: Ten year follow-up of first generation surgical adjuvant studies of the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. In: Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer. Vol 4. Salmon SE, ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, pp. 404–415, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group: Further evidence of effective adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection of pancreatic cancer. Cancer 1987;59:2006–2010.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Garofalo MC, Regine WR, Tan MT: On statistical reanalysis, the EORTC trial is a positive trial for adjuvant chemoradiation in pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg 2006;244(2):332–333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Sperti C, Pasquali C, Piccoli A, et al.: Recurrence after resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. World J Surg 1997;21(2):195–200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Spalding DR.: Pancreatic and periampullary cancers: treatment and outcome. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2006;67(1):14–20.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Neoptolemos JP, Stocken DD, Friess F, et al.: A randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic cancer N Engl J Med 2004;350(12):1200–1210.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Oettle H and Neuhaus P: Adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer: a critical appraisal. Drugs 2007;67(16):2293–2310.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Abrams RA, Winter KA, Regine WF, et al.: Radiotherapy quality assurance review and survival. Proceedings of ASTRO. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;66(3):S22.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Neuhaus P, Riess H, Post S, et al.: CONKO-001: Final results of the randomized, prospective, multicenter phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine versus observation in patients with resected pancreatic cancer (PC). J Clin Oncol 2008;26 Suppl, Abstract No. LBA4504.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Berger AC, Winter KA, Hoffman J, et al.: Post-resection CA 19–9 predicts overall survival (OS) in patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiation: A secondary endpoint of RTOG 9704. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(18S): Abstract 4522.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Regine WF, Garcia M, Berger AC, et al.: Post-resectional CA 19–9 values <90 are associated with significantly worse survival in patients with pancreatic carcinoma treated with adjuvant therapy on RTOG 9704 – implications for current and future trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;69(3):S78 Abstract No. 137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hsu CC, Herman JM, Corsini MM, et al.: Benefit of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: The Johns-Hopkins Hospital-Mayo Clinic collaborative study of 1,045 patients. ASCO GI Symposium: Abstract No. 124, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Picozzi VJ, Abrams RA, Traverso LW, et al.: ACOSOG Z05031: Report on a multicenter, phase II trial for adjuvant therapy of resected pancreatic cancer using cisplatin, 5-FU, and alpha-interferon. J Clin Oncol 2008;26 Suppl: Abstract No. 4505.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Mehta VK, Fisher GA, Ford JM, et al.: Adjuvant radiotherapy and concomitant 5-flurouracil by protracted venous infusion for resected pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000;48:1483–1487.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Reni M, Passoni P, Bonetto E, et al.: Final results of a prospective trial of a PEGF (cisplatin, epirubicin, 5-flurouracil, gemcitabine) regimen followed by radiotherapy after curative surgery for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncology 2005;68:239–245.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Greco JA, Castaldo ET, Feurer ID, et al.: Survival benefit with adjuvant radiation therapy in surgically resected pancreatic cancer. ASCO GI Symposium: Abstract No. 109, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  34. McGinn CJ, Zalupski MM, Shureigi J, et al.: Phase I trial of radiation dose escalation with concurrent weekly full-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:4202–4208.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Blackstock AW, Mornex F, Partensky C, et al.: Adjuvant gemcitabine and concurrent radiation for patients with resected pancreatic cancer: a phase II study. Br J Cancer 2006;95:260–265.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Murphy JD, Adusumilli S, Griffith KA, et al.: Full-dose gemcitabine and concurrent radiotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;68:801–808.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Wolff RA, Varadhachary GR, Evans DB: Adjuvant therapy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: analysis of reported trials and recommendations for future progress. Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15:2773–2786.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Sohn TA, Yeo CJ, Cameron JL, et al.: Resected adenocarcinoma of the pancreas-616 patients: results, outcomes, and prognostic indicators. J Gastrointest Surg 2000;4:567–579.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Neoptolemos JP, Stocken DD, Dunn JA, et al.: Influence of resection margins on survival for patients with pancreatic cancer treated by adjuvant chemoradiation and/or chemotherapy in the ESPAC-1 randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2001;234:758–768.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Kuhlmann KF, de Castro SM, Wesseling JG, et al.: Surgical treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: actual survival and prognostic factors in 343 patients. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:549–558.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Winter JM, Cameron JL, Campbell KA, et al.: 1423 Pancreaticoduodenectomies for pancreatic cancer: a single-institution experience. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10:1199–1210.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Richter A, Niedergethmann M, Sturm JW, et al.: Long-term results of partial pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head: 25-year experience. World J Surg 2003;27:324–329.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Varadhachary GR, Tamm EP, Abbruzzese JL, et al.: Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: definitions, management, and role of preoperative therapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:1035–1046.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Katz MHG, Pisters PWT, Evans DB, et al.: Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: the importance of this emerging stage of disease. J Am Coll Surg 2008;206:833–846.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma National Comprehensive Cancer Network v1.2008.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Jonker D, Boutell E, Kamra J, et al.: Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Group. Cheomtherapy or radiotherapy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Clincal Practice Guideline. Evidence-based Series #2–23 Program in Evidence-based care (PEBC), Cancer Care Ontario (CCO), November, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Pancreatic Section of the British Society of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, Royal College of Pathologists, Special Interest Group for Gastrointestinal Radiology. Guidelines for the management of patients with pancreatic cancer: periampuallary and ampullary carcinomas. Gut 2005;54(Suppl V):v1–v16.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this entry

Cite this entry

Pandya, N., Garofalo, M.C., Regine, W.F. (2010). Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. In: Pancreatic Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77498-5_44

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics