Definition
Data reduction means the reduction on certain aspects of data, typically the volume of data. The reduction can also be on other aspects such as the dimensionality of data when the data is multidimensional. Reduction on any aspect of data usually implies reduction on the volume of data.
Data reduction does not make sense by itself unless it is associated with a certain purpose. The purpose in turn dictates the requirements for the corresponding data reduction techniques. A naive purpose for data reduction is to reduce the storage space. This requires a technique to compress the data into a more compact format and also to restore the original data when the data needs to be examined. Nowadays, storage space may not be the primary concern and the needs for data reduction come frequently from database applications. In this case, the purpose for data reduction is to save computational cost or disk access cost in query processing.
Historical Background
The need for data reduction...
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Zhang, R. (2009). Data Reduction. In: LIU, L., ÖZSU, M.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9_533
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