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The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery pp 1–22Cite as

Anatomy and Embryology of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus

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Abstract

Although much of our fundamental understanding of the anatomy of the colon, rectum, and anus comes from the efforts of researchers of the 19th and early 20th centuries, comprehensive observations of this region had been made as early as 1543 by Andreas Vesalius through anatomic dissections. However, anatomy of this region, especially that of the rectum and anal canal, is so intrinsically related to its physiology that much can be appreciated only in the living. Thus, it is a region in which the surgeon has an advantage over the anatomist through in vivo dissection, physiologic investigation, and endoscopic examination. However, anatomy of the pelvis is also challenging to the surgeon: the pelvis is a narrow space, packed with intestinal, urologic, gynecologic, vascular, and neural structures, all confined within a rigid and deep osseous-muscular cage. Therefore, detailed anatomy of this region is difficult to learn in the setting of an operating room and it demands not only observations in vivo, but historical reviews, anatomy laboratory studies, including dissections of humans and animals, with in-depth descriptions and drawings and sometimes associated with physiologic evaluation. Based on these studies, some controversial concepts of the anatomy, especially of the rectum and anal canal, have been actually changed. In addition, virtual reality models have been designed to improve visualization of threedimensional structures and more properly teach anatomy, pathology, and surgery of the anorectum and pelvic floor.

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Authors
  1. José Marcio Neves Jorge
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  2. Angelita Habr‐Gama
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Chairman, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA

    Bruce G. Wolff MD, FASCRS (Senior Editors) (Senior Editors)

  2. Professor of Surgery, Chief, Section of Colorectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    James W. Fleshman MD, FASCRS (Senior Editors) (Senior Editors)

  3. Chairman, Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA

    David E. Beck MD, FASCRS (Senior Editors) (Senior Editors)

  4. Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Consultant, Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA

    John H. Pemberton MD, FASCRS (Senior Editors) (Senior Editors)

  5. Chief of Staff, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA

    Steven D. Wexner MD, FASCRS (Senior Editors) (Senior Editors)

  6. Victor W. Fazio Chair of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

    James M. Church BSc, MBChB, MMed Sci, FASCRS (Associate Editors) (Associate Editors)

  7. Professor of Surgery, Chief, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Julio Garcia-Aguilar MD, PhD, FASCRS (Associate Editors) (Associate Editors)

  8. Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA, USA

    Patricia L. Roberts MD, FASCRS (Associate Editors) (Associate Editors)

  9. Professor of Surgery, Head, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Theodore J. Saclarides MD, FASCRS (Associate Editors) (Associate Editors)

  10. Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA

    Michael J. Stamos MD, FASCRS (Associate Editors) (Associate Editors)

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Jorge, J.M.N., Habr‐Gama, A. (2007). Anatomy and Embryology of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus. In: Wolff, B.G., et al. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36374-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36374-5_1

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