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Composites, Multifunctional

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Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science

Definition of the Subject

A composite material is a combination of two or more monophase materials arranged into a single entity material (or “materialstructure”) to produce one or more particular properties that are superior to the same properties exhibited by the individual componentmaterials. Until recently, most composites were designed with a single function in mind, most commonly focusing on improving strength or durabilityof the material. Many high performance composites have been developed and are performing excellently in this respect. For example, carbon fiber reinforcedepoxy is now commonly used in many engineering applications. Carbon fibers have high theoretical strength and high stiffness, but are brittle andtherefore readily break if a very small flaw is initiated. By embedding the fiber in epoxy, which is relatively ductile (less flaw sensitive)compared to the carbon fiber, the composite structure combines the strength and stiffness of the carbon fibers with the...

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Nafion® is a registeredtrademark of E.I. DuPont De Nemours & Co.

  2. 2.

    Flemion® is a registeredtrademark of Asahi Glass Group in Japan.

Abbreviations

Biocomposite:

Biological composite materials made through biological processes usually in living organisms. Biocomposites formed through biomineralization processes are referred to as biomineral composites

Biomimetics:

Also known as biomimicry, is the study of biological systems with the aim of applying the methods and processes in these systems to the design of engineering materials and systems to produce engineering devices and structures with superior or comparable functionalities.

Biomineralization:

Mineralization carried out through biological processes to convert organic materials to inorganic materials to form biominerals. Biomineral composites are composed of inorganic minerals formed through biomineralization processes by living organisms in organic matrices of proteins and polysaccharides.

Composite:

A combination of two or more monophase materials arranged into a material (or “material structure”) to produce one or more particular properties that are superior to the same properties exhibited by the individual component materials.

Multifunctionality:

This is the ability of a material or device to perform two or more functions simultaneously or consecutively.

Self healing:

The ability of a structure to repair damage without external intervention. For example, a small cut on a human skin will be repaired automatically by the body. Man-made structures with such ability are under early development.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA

    Anette M. Karlsson

  2. Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

    Mosobalaje O. Adeoye

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  1. Anette M. Karlsson
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. RAMTECH LIMITED, 122 Escalle Lane, Larkspur, CA, 94939, USA

    Robert A. Meyers Ph. D. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief)

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Karlsson, A.M., Adeoye, M.O. (2009). Composites, Multifunctional. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_86

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