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4.7 Ion Transport and Energy Metabolism

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract:

There is an intimate relationship between ion transport and energy metabolism in the brain. All ion transport is driven directly or indirectly by ATP, and the support of ion homeostasis represents the largest demand on energy production in the brain. Failure of ion homeostasis because of the interruption of energy generation has devastating consequences. This chapter reviews the principal mechanisms responsible for maintaining homeostasis of Na+, K+, and Ca2+, and the mechanisms controlling Zn2+ as an example of trace metal transport. The chapter also discusses the interplay between ion loads and energy production. Finally, we present a description of some of the mechanisms that link pathophysiological states with alterations in ion transport and energy metabolism.

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Abbreviations

[Ca2+]e, [Na+]e, [K+]e, [Clu]e :

extracellular concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, K+ and glutamate

[Ca2+]c, [Na+]c, [Zn2+]c :

cytosolic concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, Zn2+

pHi :

intracellular pH

[ATP]i :

intracellular ATP concentration

Na+/K+-ATPase:

sodium/potassium ATPase

Na+/Ca2+ :

sodium/potassium exchanger

Na+/H+ :

sodium/proton exchanger

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

PMCA:

plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase

SERCA:

sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase

RyR:

ryanodine receptor

IP3 :

1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate

IP3R:

1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate receptor

CCE:

capacitative Ca2+ entry

ΔΨm :

mitochondrial membrane potential

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

NMDA:

N-methyl-d-aspartate

FCCP:

carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone

MK801:

(+)5-methyl-10-11-dihydro-5N-dibenzocyclohepten-5,10-imine

CNQX:

6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

CDF:

cation diffusion facilitator

GAPDH:

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

KGDHC:

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

LAPD:

lipoamide dehydrogenase

MT:

metallothionein

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

ZIP:

zinc-responsive transporter-, iron-responsive transporter-like protein

ZnT:

zinc transporter

VCaCh:

voltage-gated Ca2+ channel

VNaCh:

voltage-gated sodium channel

LGCh:

ligand-gated channel

KCh:

potassium channel

MCaU:

mitochondrial calcium uniporter

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  1. O. Vergun
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  2. K. E. Dineley
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  3. I. J. Reynolds
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, Orangeburg, Newyork, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA

    Gary E. Gibson Ph.D. (Professor of Neuroscience Department of Neurology and Neuroscience) (Professor of Neuroscience Department of Neurology and Neuroscience)

  3. Dept. Neurology and Physiology & Biophysics, University Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Shorey Bldg. Room 715, Mail Slot 830 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA

    Gerald A. Dienel Ph.D. (Professor) (Professor)

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Vergun, O., Dineley, K.E., Reynolds, I.J. (2007). 4.7 Ion Transport and Energy Metabolism. In: Lajtha, A., Gibson, G.E., Dienel, G.A. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30411-3_16

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