Abstract:
In vivo microdialysis is a prominent method for sampling extracellular fluid (ECF) from the brain. A major strength of this method is that it allows for neurochemical sampling in living, free‐moving organisms, rather than in post‐mortem tissue. Furthermore, in vivo microdialysis affords researchers the ability to monitor extracellular concentrations of endogenous compounds, administer drugs into the extracellular space of discrete brain regions, sample drug- induced changes in neurotransmitters and/or their metabolites, and correlate behavioural changes with variations in neurochemistry. This chapter reviews the principles underlying the in vivo microdialysis method and will discuss the substances that can and cannot be sampled by this technique. Then, several technical considerations, including probe construction and specifications, perfusate composition, operating parameters, and the use of surgically‐implanted versus guided probes will be discussed. Subsequently, quantitative methods for estimating extracellular concentrations of substances and the ways in which this technique can be adapted or combined with other methods, such as drug administration, electrophysiology, and behavioral observation will be reviewed. To illustrate how the in vivo microdialysis method can be applied, the use of this technique in memory and drug addiction research, in studies of ontological development, and in clinical settings will be considered.
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- ECF:
-
extracellular fluid
- HPLC:
-
high performance liquid chromatography
- CE:
-
capillary electrophoresis
- UV:
-
ultraviolet
- EC:
-
electrochemical
- LIF:
-
laser-induced fluorescence
- TTX:
-
tetrodotoxin
- ACh:
-
acetylcholine
- Ca2+ :
-
calcium
- GABA:
-
gamma amino-butyric acid
- K+ :
-
potassium
- PLZ:
-
phenelzine
- aCSF:
-
artificial cerebrospinal fluid
- 5HT6 :
-
serotonin, type 6 receptor
- NK(1):
-
non-peptidergic neurokinin
- CRF:
-
corticotrophin-releasing factor
- PN10:
-
postnatal day 10
- c.c.:
-
cubic centimeter or milliliter
- ° C:
-
degrees Celsius
- i.m.:
-
intramuscular
- i.p.:
-
intraperitioneal
- s.c.:
-
subcutaneous
- B.A.S.:
-
Bioanalytical Systems, Inc.
- NaCl:
-
sodium chloride
- KCl:
-
potassium chloride
- CaCl2 :
-
calcium chloride
- MgCl2 :
-
magnesium chloride
- NaH2PO4 :
-
sodium phosphate monobasic
- Na2HPO4 :
-
sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous
- S.E.M.:
-
standard error of the mean
- DA:
-
dopamine
- hr:
-
hour
- min:
-
minute
- nmol:
-
nanomole
- μM :
-
micromolar
- mM :
-
millimolar
- g:
-
gram
- mg/kg:
-
milligram per killigram
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This material is based on work supported in part by grants funded by NINDS‐NIDDK‐JDF (RO1NS41173–02) and the STC Program of the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. IBN‐9876754.
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Krebs-Kraft, D.L., Frantz, K.J., Parent, M.B. (2007). In Vivo Microdialysis: A Method for Sampling Extracellular Fluid in Discrete Brain Regions. In: Lajtha, A., Baker, G., Dunn, S., Holt, A. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30401-4_9
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