Hale, George Ellery
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Born Chicago, Illinois, USA, 29 October 1868
Died Pasadena, California, USA, 21 February 1938
American solar astronomer and science administrator George Hale discovered the magnetic field of the Sun, the first body after the Earth found to have one. However, Hale made his greatest impact through his role in founding the observatories at Yerkes, Mount Wilson, and Palomar Mountain in the establishment of the International Union for Co‐operation in Solar Research (before World War I), the International Research Council, the International Astronomical Union (after World War I), the administration of the National Research Council during that war, and the transformation of Throop Polytechnic Institute into the California Institute of Technology, in collaboration with Robert Millikan and Arthur Noyes. The 1895 founding of the Astrophysical Journal by Hale and James Keelerbegan the transformation of American astronomy from a focus on how astronomical bodies move to its modern emphasis on...
Selected References
- Florence, Ronald (1994). The Perfect Machine. New York: HarperCollins. (Hale's role in the conception and building of the Yerkes, Mount Wilson, and Palomar telescopes.)Google Scholar
- Kevles, Daniel J. (1968). “George Ellery Hale, the First World War, and the Advancement of Science in America.” Isis 59: 427–437.Google Scholar
- Osterbrock, Donald E. (1993). Pauper and Prince: Ritchey, Hale, and Big American Telescopes. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
- ——— (1995). “Founded in 1895 by George E. Hale and James E. Keeler: The Astrophysical Journal Centennial. Astrophysical Journal 438: 1–7.ADSGoogle Scholar
- ——— (1997). Yerkes Observatory, 1892–1950: The Birth, Near Death, and Resurrection of a Scientific Research Institution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
- ——— (1999). “AAS Meetings before There Was an AAS: The Pre‐history of the Society. ” In The American Astronomical Society's First Century, edited by David H. DeVorkin, pp. 3–19. Washington, DC: Published for the American Astronomical Society through the American Institute of Physics.Google Scholar
- Sheehan, William and Donald E. Osterbrock (2000). “Hale's ‘Little Elf': The Mental Breakdowns of George Ellery Hale.” Journal for the History of Astronomy 31: 93–114.ADSGoogle Scholar
- Wright, Helen. Explorer of the Universe: A Biography of George Ellery Hale. (Reprint, New York: American Institute of Physics, 1994.) (An authorized biography, based in part on documents which are still not available to other scholars.)Google Scholar
- Wright, Helen, Joan N. Warnow, and Charles Weiner (1972). The Legacy of George Ellery Hale: Evolution of Astronomy and Scientific Institutions in Pictures and Documents. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT.Google Scholar