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Angiotensins in Brain Function

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract:

This chapter provides a brief historical perspective concerning the discovery of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), followed by a description of the biochemical pathways that permit synthesis and degradation of active angiotensin peptides, and the three receptor subtypes thus far characterized. This is followed by a review of the physiologies and behaviors mediated by these peptides. These classic physiologies include cardiovascular control, vasopressin release, thirst, and electrolyte balance. More recently angiotensins have been implicated in the mediation of stress, anxiety, depression, learning, and memory consolidation. The chapter concludes with a water shortage scenario that is envisioned to encompass and illustrate the majority of the angiotensin mediated physiologies and behaviors.

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Abbreviations

ACD:

acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase

ACE:

angiotensin‐converting enzyme

ACE2:

human angiotensin‐converting enzyme homologue

ACh:

acetylcholine

ACTH:

adrenocorticotropic hormone

ADH:

antidiuretic hormone

Ang:

angiotensin

AngI:

angiotensin I

AngII:

angiotensin II

AngIII:

angiotensin III

AngIV:

angiotesnin IV

Ang(1‐7):

angiotensin II(1‐7)

Ang(2‐7):

angiotensin II(2‐7)

Ang(3‐7):

angiotensin II(3‐7)

AMPA:

α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid

AP:

area postrema

AP‐1:

activator protein‐1

AP‐A:

aminopeptidase A

APMA:

p‐aminophenylmercuric acetate

AP‐N:

aminopeptidase N

AT:

angiotensin receptor subtype

Carb‐P:

carboxypeptidase P

CRH:

corticotropin‐releasing hormone

CVOs:

circumventricular organs

EC27:

2‐amino‐pentane‐1,5‐dithiol

EC33:

3‐amino‐4‐thio‐butyl‐sulfonate

ERK:

extracellular signal‐regulated kinase

GLUT:

glucose transporter molecules

GST:

glutathione‐s‐transferase

GTPγS:

guanosine triphosphate γ sulfate

ICV:

intracerebroventricular

IRAP:

insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase

LVV‐H7:

leucine‐valine‐valine‐hemorphin‐7

MAP‐K:

microtubule‐associated protein kinase

NMDA:

N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate

NO:

nitric oxide

NTS:

nucleus of solitary tract

OVLT:

organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

PAI‐1:

plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1

PO:

propyl oligopeptidase

PVN:

paraventricular nucleus

RAS:

renin–angiotensin system

SFO:

subfornical organ

SON:

supraoptic nucleus

tPA:

tissue plasminogen activator

uPA:

urokinase plasminogen activator

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Acknowledgments

The work from our laboratory presented in this chapter was supported by NIH grant R01‐HL64245‐03, NSF grant IBN‐0091337, the Edward E. and Lucille I. Lainge Endowment for Alzheimer's Disease Research, and funds provided for medical and biological research by the State of Washington Initiative Measure No. 171. We thank Mrs. Ruth Day for secretarial assistance provided during the course of writing this manuscript, and Mrs. Donna Wright for assistance with preparing the references.

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  1. J. W. Wright
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  2. J. W. Harding
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, Orangeburg, Newyork, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Neurology (Division of Neurochemistry and Neurobiology), University of Iowa College of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, 52242, lowa, lowa, USA

    Ramon Lim

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Wright, J.W., Harding, J.W. (2006). Angiotensins in Brain Function. In: Lajtha, A., Lim, R. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30381-9_27

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