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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology pp 203–221Cite as

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases and Proteoglycans in the Nervous System

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Abstract

Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases are composed of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane segment and one or two tyrosine phosphatase domains. Their extracellular regions show several domain structures including immunoglobulin-like, fibronectin type III-like, carbonic anhydrase-like, and meprin/A5/μ domains. The regulatory mechanisms of their tyrosine phosphatase activities are still unclear. However, it seems that ligand-induced inactivation or activation and reversible oxidation of catalytic cysteine residue are the major signaling mechanisms. Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases are involved in various cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions, and accumulating evidence has revealed that they play important roles in the nervous system, such as axon guidance, neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, and learning processes. Recent studies indicated that proteoglycans are essential components of the signal transduction pathways of several receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases. Chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate regulate ligand binding to PTPζ and DLAR, respectively, and structural variations of these glycosaminoglycans may be involved in the determination of the binding affinity.

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Abbreviations

ECM:

extracellular matrix

EGFR:

epidermal growth factor receptor

H2O2 :

hydrogen peroxide

MAM:

meprin/A5/μ

PTK:

protein tyrosine kinases

PTP:

protein tyrosine phosphatases

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

RPTP:

receptor-like PTPs

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Authors
  1. N. Maeda
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Group Director of Neuro-Developmental Disorder Research Group, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 351-0198, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan

    Katsuhiko Mikoshiba

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Maeda, N. (2009). Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases and Proteoglycans in the Nervous System. In: Lajtha, A., Mikoshiba, K. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30370-3_11

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