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Functions π(x), ψ(x), θ(x), and the Sequence of Prime Numbers

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Handbook of Number Theory I
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1 § VII.1 Estimates on π(x). Chebyshev’s theorem. The prime number theorem

  1. 1)

    L. Euler. Variae Observationes Circa Series Infinitas. Opera Omnia, Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, 1924, I, 14, pp. 216–244 (original 1748.)

    Remark. For an exact proof, see

    E. Landau. Handbuch, Leipzig, 1909.

  2. 2)
    1. a)

      There exist constants A>0, a>0, such that for all x≥2

    2. b)

      P. Chebyshev. Mémoire sur les nombres premiers. J. Math. Pures appl. 17 (1852), 366–390.

  3. 3)
    1. a)

      J. Hadamard. Sur la distribution des zéros de la fonction ζ(s) et ses conséquences arithmétiques. Bull. Soc. Math. France 24 (1896), 199–220; and C.J. de la Vallée Poussin. Recherches analytiques sur la théorie des nombres (3 parts). Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 20, Part II (1896), 183–256, 281–397.

    2. b)

      C.J. de la Vallée Poussin. Sur la fonction ζ(s) de Riemann et le nombre des nombres premiers inférieures à une limite donnée. Mém. couronnés et autres mémoires. Acad. Royal Sci. Lettres Beaux-Arts Belgique 59, 1899–1900.

      Remark. The first elementary proof...

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(2006). Functions π(x), ψ(x), θ(x), and the Sequence of Prime Numbers. In: Handbook of Number Theory I. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3658-2_7

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