Members of the genus Brucella are pathogenic bacteria of humans and animals exceedingly well adapted to their host and not surviving for extended periods of time in open conditions. Although the classical definition of Brucella species describe these bacteria as facultative intracellular parasite, this definition does not honor their true nature which is better understood as a facultatively extracellular intracellular parasites. That means that the Brucellapreferred niche is the intracellular environment of host cells. This environment sustains extensive replication, allowing bacterial expansion and the subsequent transmission to new host cells, frequently achieved through the heavily infected aborted fetus. In contrast to in other pathogenic bacteria, no classical virulence factors, such as exotoxins, cytolysins, capsules, fimbria, flagella, plasmids, lysogenic phages, resistant forms, antigenic variation, endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or apoptotic inducers have been described...
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Moreno, E., Moriyón, I. (2006). The Genus Brucella . In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30745-1_17
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