Physiology and Genetics—General Introduction
Studies of enterococcal physiology have been conducted, for the most part, on members of two species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, with the exception of a few reports on Enterococcus hirae, which in many earlier publications was identified as E. faecalis or E. faecium. Enterococcus faecalis, recognized as a distinct species, is distinguishable from the E. faecium group, to which both E. faecium and E. hirae have been assigned on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences. Physiologically, E. faecalis can be distinguished from members of the E. faecium group in that the former can produce acid from glycerol, can ferment pyruvate, can utilize menaquinones as non-cytochrome electron carriers, and does not require exogenous folic acid for growth. Enterococcus hirae is physiologically distinguishable from E. faecium on the basis of the latter’s ability to produce acid from L-arabinose (Devriese et al., 1993).
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Leblanc, D.J. (2006). Enterococcus . In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30744-3_6
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