1 Introduction
In recent years our understanding of nuclear reaction mechanisms has been significantly expanded by developments in accelerator technology, which now provide nuclear science with a highly diverse arsenal of nuclear projectiles. The accessible domain extends from ultra-cold slow neutrons to multi-GeV beams of heavy nuclei with energies capable of disintegrating a nucleus into its constituent nucleons and clusters (FIGURE 1), and perhaps even decomposing the nucleon itself into quarks and gluons. Not only is it possible to probe the nucleus with projectiles of naturally-occurring isotopes of elements ranging from hydrogen to uranium, but beams of photons, electrons, mesons, neutrons and antiprotons are also available. The range of phenomena under investigation has spanned the nuclear temperature domain from relatively cold nuclear systems to the nuclear vaporization limit, as well as the density profile from dilute to compressed nuclear matter.
Reconstruction of a...
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Notes
- 1.
1 Editors' note: See also Chapters 2 and 8 in this Volume as well as Chapter 1 in Volume 2.
- 2.
2 Editors' note: Other authors (see, e.g., Chapter 2 in this Volume) prefer to use the simpler term ‘rest energy’ rather than ‘rest-mass energy’.
- 3.
3 Editors' note: See also Appendix 6 in this Volume, where the same quantity is referred to as mass excess and is denoted by D.
- 4.
4 Editors' note: See also Chapter 1 in Volume 2.
- 5.
- 6.
6 Editors' note: See also Subsection 2.3.1 in Chapter 2, this Volume.
- 7.
7 The interaction time scale is approximated by the time required for a projectile to traverse the nucleus. For a relativistic projectile (i.e. when u approaches c) and a target of diameter 10 fm, the time scale is 3 × 10−23 seconds.
- 8.
- 9.
9 Editors' note: See also Subsection 2.6 in Chapter 6 of this Volume.
- 10.
10 Damped collisions are also referred to as deep inelastic collisions (DIC). Since the DIC terminology is more appropriately applied in high energy and particle physics, we adopt the damped collision label (DC) here.
- 11.
11 Editors' note: See Chapter 1 in Volume 2.
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(2003). Nuclear Reactions. In: Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30682-X_3
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