Undeniable signatures are digital signatures that can be verified only by some help from the signer. These were introduced by Chaum and van Antwerpen [2]. Unlike an ordinary digital signature that can be verified by anyone who has accessed the public verifying key of the signer (universal verifiability), an undeniable signature can only be verified by engaging in a—usually interactive—protocol with the signer. The outcome of the protocol is an affirming or {rejecting} assertion telling the verifier whether the undeniable signature has originated from the alleged signer or not. The verifier cannot enforce a clarification about a signature's validity because a signer can always refuse to cooperate, but nonrepudiation is still guaranteed since a signer cannot convince a verifier that a correct signature is invalid or that an incorrect signature is valid.
Undeniable signatures are useful for signers of nonpublic sensitive information who seek to keep control over who can verify their...
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References
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Bleumer, G. (2005). Undeniable Signatures. In: van Tilborg, H.C.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security. Springer, Boston, MA . https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23483-7_446
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