Liberal Education, Character and Virtue in
Introduction
Whether virtue can be taught is a question as old as philosophy itself – almost as old is the question of whether education should include character formation and, thus, the acquisition of virtue or whether it should be limited to cultivation of intellect. To provide an answer, two further questions must be addressed: first, whether education can, indeed, influence character, and second, whether moral education is the responsibility of schools or whether it lies with families, communities, and churches.
In this context, it is important to distinguish between secondary and university education. Despite heated debate in recent decades, there is now widespread consensus on the need for character education in schools (Arthur 2003; Naval et al. 2015). However, given that students are legally adults when they attend the university, the need for character education and the opportunities for providing it are not so clear and may be viewed as interfering with personal freedom.
This...
References
- Aristotle. (1966). Nichomachean Ethics. In The works of Aristotle (vol. IX, W. D. Ross, Trans.). London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Arthur, J. (2003). Education with Character. The Moral Economy of Schooling. London/New York: RoutledgeFalmer.Google Scholar
- Bell, D. (2011/1966). The reforming of general education. The Columbia experience and its national setting. New York: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
- Bloom, A. (1987). The closing of the American mind. How higher education has failed democracy and impoverished the souls of today’s students. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
- Carr, D. (2008). Character education as the cultivation of virtue. In L. P. Nucci & D. Navaez (Eds.), Handbook of moral and character education (pp. 99–116). New York/London: Routledge.Google Scholar
- Hutchins, R. M. (1974/1936). The higher learning in America. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
- Hutchins, R. M. (1938). The University and Character. Commonweal, 27, 710–711.Google Scholar
- Kimball, B. A. (1986). Orators & philosophers. A history of the idea of liberal education. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
- MacIntyre, A. (2005). Aquinas’s Critique of Education: Against his own Age, Against ours. In A. Oksenberg Rorty (Ed.), Philosophers on education: New historical perspectives (pp. 93–106). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
- Mulcahy, D. G. (2008). The educated person. In Toward a new paradigm for liberal education. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
- Naval, C., González-Torres, M. C., & Bernal, A. (2015). Character education. International perspectives. Pedagogia e Vita, 73, 155–184.Google Scholar
- Naval, C. (1995). Educar ciudadanos. La polémica liberal-comunitarista en educación. Pamplona: Eunsa.Google Scholar
- Newman, J. H. (1982/1852). The idea of a university (edited by M. J. Svaglic). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
- Ortega y Gasset, J. (1930). Mission of the university (H. L. Nostrand, Trans). New Brunswick/London: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
- Plato, 1966. Apology. In Plato in Twelve Volumes, (vol. 1 H. North Fowler, Trans). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
- Rose, M. (2015). The Liberal Arts and the Virtues: A Thomistic History. Logos, 18(2), 35–65.Google Scholar
- Saint, A. (1953). Confessions., (V. J. Bourke, Trans.). Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press.Google Scholar
- Seneca. (1988). 17 letters (C. D. N. Costa, Trans.). Warminister: Aris and Philips.Google Scholar
- Torralba, J. M. (2013). La educación liberal como misión de la universidad. Introducción bibliográfica al debate sobre la identidad de la universidad. Acta Philosophica, 22(2), 257–276.Google Scholar