Pyrolusite, which has the composition MnO2, is the main mineral used for manganese smelting. It contains 63.2% manganese. It belongs to the tetragonal crystal system, and the crystals have small granular or acicular shapes. It is often in a blocky aggregate form. Its colour and streaks are black, and it has a submetallic lustre, a specific gravity of 4.84, a low Mohs hardness and easily stains hands. It mainly forms in deep sediment or by the oxidation of primary manganese ore. It is an important raw material for smelting manganese.
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(2020). Pyrolusite. In: Chen, A., Ng, Y., Zhang, E., Tian, M. (eds) Dictionary of Geotourism. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_1972
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