Skip to main content

“Me? A Bully?”: The Different Faces of the Perpetrator in Workplace Bullying

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Pathways of Job-related Negative Behaviour

Abstract

Hyenas, snakes and weasels are among the terms used to describe perpetrators of workplace bullying in popular literature. Such terms depict perpetrators as evil and attribute their behaviour to their toxic personality. Although personality traits such as narcissism, self-efficacy and trait anger predispose an individual to bully, research indicates that work environment factors also play a key role in encouraging or allowing workplace bullying. Thus, this chapter attempts to provide a more inclusive and extensive view of workplace bullying perpetrators by synthesizing both academic research and popular literature and drawing on studies exploring the views of victims of bullying, and importantly the few studies examining the perspectives of accused bullies. We offer a typology of perpetrators that reflects key discussions across the literature and captures the heterogeneous nature of bullying. The six types of perpetrators depicted here are “the bad egg”, “the good colleague turned bad”, “the abrasive performance manager”, “the mob”, “the cyberbully” and “the depersonalized bully”. We begin, however, by providing a brief overview of perpetrators—of who they are, where in the organization they are and what causes them to bully.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. Oxford: Harpers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anand, V., Ashforth, B. E., & Joshi, M. (2004). Business as usual: The acceptance and perpetuation of corruption in organizations. Academy of Management Executive, 18(2), 39–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aquino, K. (2000). Structural and individual determinants of workplace victimization: The effects of hierarchical status and conflict management style. Journal of Management, 26(2), 171–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aquino, K., & Lamertz, K. (2004). A relational model of workplace victimization: Social roles and patterns of victimization in dyadic relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 1023–1034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aquino, K., & Thau, S. (2009). Workplace victimization: Aggression from the target’s perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 717–741.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Archer, D. (1999). Exploring ‘bullying’ culture in the para-military organisation. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2), 94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aryee, S., Chen, Z. X., Sun, L. Y., & Debrah, Y. A. (2007). Antecedents and outcomes of abusive supervision: Test of a trickle-down model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 191–201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ashforth, B. (1994). Petty tyranny in organizations. Human Relations, 47(7), 755.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babiak, P., & Hare, R. D. (2006). Snakes in suits: When psychopaths go to work. New York: HarperCollins Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Babiak, P., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2010). Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(2), 174–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baillien, E., Neyens, I., De Witte, H., & De Cuyper, N. (2009). A qualitative study on the development of workplace bullying: Towards a three way model. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 19(1), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baillien, E., Rodriguez-Munoz, A., Van den Broeck, A., & De Witte, H. (2011). Do demands and resources affect target’s and perpetrators’ reports of workplace bullying? A two-wave cross-lagged study. Work and Stress, 25(2), 128–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2011.591600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balducci, C., Cecchin, M., & Fraccaroli, F. (2012). The impact of role stressors on workplace bullying in both victims and perpetrators, controlling for personal vulnerability factors: A longitudinal analysis. Work & Stress, 26(3), 195–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barber, C. (2012). Use of bullying as a management tool in healthcare environments. British Journal of Nursing, 21(5), 299–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartholomew, K. (2006). Ending nurse-to-nurse hostility: Why nurses eat their young and each other. Mauritius: HC Pro, Inc..

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, T., Catley, B., Gardner, D., O’Driscoll, M., Trenberth, L., & Cooper-Thomas, H. (2009a). Perspectives on bullying in the New Zealand health and hospitality sectors. The Journal of Occupational Health and Safety – Australia and New Zealand, 25(5), 363–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, T., Catley, B., Gardner, D., O’Driscoll, M., Trenberth, L., & Cooper-Thomas, H. (2009b). Understanding stress and bullying in New Zealand workplaces. Final report to OH&S Steering Committee. Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bies, R. J. (2001). Interactional (in) justice: The sacred and the profane. In J. Greenberg & R. Cropanzano (Eds.), Advances in organizational justice. Redwood City: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bing, S. (1992). Crazy bosses: Spotting them, serving them, surviving them. New York: William Morrow & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackwood, K. (2015). Workplace bullying in the New Zealand nursing profession: The case for a tailored approach to intervention. (Doctor of Philosophy), Massey University, Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackwood, K., Bentley, T., Catley, B., & Edwards, M. (2017). Managing workplace bullying experiences in nursing: The impact of the work environment. Public Money & Management, 37(5), 349–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, C. (2012). How do perpetrators experience bullying at the workplace? International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 5(2), 159–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boddy, C. R. (2011). Corporate psychopaths, bullying and unfair supervision in the workplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 100(3), 367–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boddy, C. (2014). Corporate psychopaths, conflict, employee affective well-being and counterproductive work behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 121(1), 107–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branch, S., Ramsay, S., & Barker, M. (2007). Managers in the firing line: Contributing factors to workplace bullying by staff – An interview study. Journal of Management and Organization, 13(3), 264–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, N. (2016). Understanding the manifestation of psychopathic personality characteristics across populations. (Doctor of Philosophy), Bond University, Queensland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brotheridge, C. M., Lee, R. T., & Power, J. L. (2012). Am I my own worst enemy? The experiences of bullying targets who are also aggressors. Career Development International, 17(4-5), 358–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byron, K. (2008). Carrying too heavy a load? The communication and miscommunication of emotion by email. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 309–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caponecchia, C., Sun, A. Y. Z., & Wyatt, A. (2012). ‘Psychopaths’ at work? Implications of lay persons’ use of labels and behavioural criteria for psychopathy. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(4), 399–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catley, B., Blackwood, K., Forsyth, D., Tappin, D., & Bentley, T. (2017). Workplace bullying complaints: Lessons for “good HR practice”. Personnel Review, 46(1), 100–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coid, J., Yang, M., Ullrich, S., Roberts, A., & Hare, R. D. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32(2), 65–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coyne, I., Farley, S., Axtell, C., Sprigg, C., Best, L., & Kwok, O. (2017). Understanding the relationship between experiencing workplace cyberbullying, employee mental strain and job satisfaction: A dysempowerment approach. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(7), 945–972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, N. (1999). Conundrums and confusion in organisations: The etymology of the word ‘bully’. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2), 86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crimp, H. (2017). Insights into effective interventions for the prevention and management of workplace bullying in the New Zealand public service. (Master of Commerce), Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Cruz, P. (2015). Depersonalized bullying at work. New Delhi: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • D’Cruz, P., & Noronha, E. (2009). Experiencing depersonalised bullying: A study of Indian call-centre agents. Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation, 3(1), 26–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Cruz, P., & Noronha, E. (2013). Navigating the extended reach: Target experiences of cyberbullying at work. Information and Organization, 23(4), 324–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Cuyper, N., Baillien, E., & De Witte, H. (2009). Job insecurity, perceived employability and targets’ and perpetrators’ experiences of workplace bullying. Work & Stress, 23(3), 206–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deans, C. (2004). Who cares for nurses? The lived experience of workplace aggression. Collegian: Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia, 11(2), 32–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dooley, J. J., Pyżalski, J., & Cross, D. (2009). Cyberbullying versus face-to-face bullying: A theoretical and conceptual review. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 217(4), 182–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, S. C., & Martinko, M. J. (2001). Exploring the role of individual differences in the prediction of workplace aggression. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 547.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drury, S., Hutchens, S. A., Shuttlesworth, D. E., & White, C. L. (2012). Philip G. Zimbardo on his career and the Stanford Prison Experiment’s 40th anniversary. History of Psychology, 15(2), 161–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Souza, N., Forsyth, D., Tappin, D., & Catley, B. (2017). Engaging industry specialists on the issue of workplace cyberbullying – A New Zealand study. Journal of Health Safety and Environment, 33(2), 105–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dzurec, L. C., Kennison, M., & Albataineh, R. (2014). Unacknowledged threats proffered “in a manner of speaking”: Recognizing workplace bullying as shaming. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 46(4), 281–291.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Einarsen, S. (1999). The nature and causes of bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2), 16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einarsen, S., & Skogstad, A. (1996). Bullying at work: Epidemiological findings in public and private organizations. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Notelaers, G. (2009). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Work and Stress, 23(1), 24–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D., & Cooper, C. (2011). The concept of bullying and harassment at work: The European tradition. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (2nd ed., pp. 3–39). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Escartín, J., Ullrich, J., Zapf, D., Schlüter, E., & van Dick, R. (2013). Individual-and group-level effects of social identification on workplace bullying. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 182–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farley, S., Coyne, I., Sprigg, C., Axtell, C., & Subramanian, G. (2015). Exploring the impact of workplace cyberbullying on trainee doctors. Medical Education, 49(4), 436–443.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferris, P. (2004). A preliminary typology of organisational response to allegations of workplace bullying: See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 32(3), 389–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, P., & Zyglidopoulos, S. C. (2008). The escalation of deception in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(4), 837–850.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frey, K. S., Hirschstein, M. K., & Guzzo, B. A. (2000). Second step. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8(2), 102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, D., O’Driscoll, M., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Roche, M., Bentley, T., Catley, B., et al. (2016). Predictors of workplace bullying and cyber-bullying in New Zealand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(5), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, D. (2017). Taming toxic people: The science of identifying and dealing with psychopaths at work and at home. Tuggerah: Macmillan Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grigg, D. W. (2010). Cyber-aggression: Definition and concept of cyberbullying. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 20(2), 143–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrington, S., Rayner, C., & Warren, S. (2012). Too hot to handle? Trust and human resource practitioners’ implementation of anti-bullying policy. Human Resource Management Journal, 22(4), 392–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington, S., Warren, S., & Rayner, C. (2015). Human Resource Management practitioners’ responses to workplace bullying: cycles of symbolic violence. Organization, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508413516175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, M. G., Buckley, M. R., Heames, J. T., Zinko, R., Brouer, R. L., & Ferris, G. R. (2007). A bully as an archetypal destructive leader. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 14(2), 117–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hauge, L., Skogstad, A., & Einarsen, S. (2007). Relationships between stressful work environments and bullying: Results of a large representative study. Work & Stress, 21(3), 220–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hauge, L., Skogstad, A., & Einarsen, S. (2009). Individual and situational predictors of workplace bullying: Why do perpetrators engage in the bullying of others? Work & Stress, 23(4), 349–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herschcovis, M., & Barling, J. (2010). Towards a multi-foci approach to workplace aggression: A meta-analytic review of outcomes from different perpetrators. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(1), 24–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hockley, C. (2002). Silent hell: Workplace violence & bullying. Adelaide: Peacock Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoel, H., & Cooper, C. (2000). Destructive conflict and bullying at work. Manchester: Manchester School of Management, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoel, H., Cooper, C. L., & Faragher, B. (2001). The experience of bullying in Great Britain: The impact of organizational status. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 443–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoel, H., Giga, S. I., & Davidson, M. J. (2007). Expectations and realities of student nurses’ experiences of negative behaviour and bullying in clinical placement and the influences of socialization processes. Health Services Management Research, 20(4), 270–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoel, H., Glasø, L., Hetland, J., Cooper, C., & Einarsen, S. (2010). Leadership styles as predictors of self-reported and observed workplace bullying. British Journal of Management, 21(2), 453–468.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoobler, J. M., & Brass, D. J. (2006). Abusive supervision and family undermining as displaced aggression. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1125–1133. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, M., Vickers, M., Jackson, D., & Wilkes, L. (2006). Like wolves in a pack: Predatory alliances of bullies in nursing. Journal of Management and Organization, 12(3), 235–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ironside, M., & Seifert, R. (2003). Tackling bullying in the workplace: The collective dimension. In H. Einarsen, D. Z. Hoel, & C. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace: International perspectives in research and practice (pp. 383–398). London: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, K. J., Hood, J. N., & Van Buren, H. J. (2014). Workplace bullying across cultures: A research agenda. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 14(1), 47–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, M., Winefield, H., Zapf, D., & Sarris, A. (2010). Listening to the bullies: An exploratory study of managers accused of workplace bullying. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Workplace Bullying, Cardiff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, M., Winefield, H., & Sarris, A. (2011). Consequences of being accused of workplace bullying: An exploratory study. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 4(1), 33–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, M., Zapf, D., Winefield, H., & Sarris, A. (2012). Bullying allegations from the accused bully’s perspective. British Journal of Management, 23(4), 489–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kant, L., Skogstad, A., Torsheim, T., & Einarsen, S. (2013). Beware the angry leader: Trait anger and trait anxiety as predictors of petty tyranny. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 106–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keashly, L., & Jagatic, K. (2011). North American perspectives on hostile behaviors and bullying at work. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (pp. 41–74). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kets de Vries, M. (1979). Managers can drive their subordinates mad. Harvard Business Review, 57(4), 125.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, E., & Glomb, T. M. (2014). Victimization of high performers: The roles of envy and work group identification. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(4), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, R. T., & Brotheridge, C. (2006). When prey turns predatory: Workplace bullying as a predictor of counteraggression/bullying, coping, and well-being. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 15(3), 352–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. (2006). Nurse bullying: Organizational considerations in the maintenance and perpetration of health care bullying cultures. Journal of Nursing Management, 14(1), 52–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D., Sheehan, M., & Davies, C. (2008). Uncovering workplace bullying. Journal of Workplace Rights, 13(3), 281–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liefooghe, A. P. D., & MacKenzie Davey, K. (2001). Accounts of workplace bullying: The role of the organization. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 375–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linton, D. K., & Power, J. L. (2013). The personality traits of workplace bullies are often shared by their victims: Is there a dark side to victims? Personality and Individual Differences, 54(6), 738–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, C., Nauta, M. M., Spector, P. E., & Li, C. (2008). Direct and indirect conflicts at work in China and the US: A cross-cultural comparison. Work & Stress, 22(4), 295–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutgen-Sandvik, P., Tracy, S., & Alberts, J. (2007). Burned by bullying in the American workplace: Prevalence, perception, degree and impact. Journal of Management Studies, 44(6), 837–862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, H., Karri, R., & Chittipeddi, K. (2004). The paradox of managerial tyranny. Business Horizons, 47(4), 33–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marais, S., & Herman, M. (1997). Corporate hyenas at work!: How to spot and outwit them by being hyenawise. Pretoria: Kagiso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthiesen, S., & Einarsen, S. (2007). Perpetrators and targets of bullying at work: Role stress and individual differences. Violence and Victims, 22(6), 735–753.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGregor, F. (2015). When is a bully not a bully? A critical grounded theory approach to understanding the lived experience and organisational implications of being accused of being a workplace bully. (Doctor of Business Administration), University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meglich, P. A., & Gumbus, A. (2015). Alpha and omega: When bullies run in packs. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(4), 377–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikkelsen, E., & Einarsen, S. (2001). Bullying in Danish work-life: Prevalence and health correlates. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 393–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulvey, P. W., & Padilla, A. (2010). The environment of destructive leadership. In When leadership goes wrong: Destructive leadership, mistakes, and ethical failures (p. 49). Information Age Publishing Inc. Charlotte, North Carolina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Namie, G., & Namie, R. (2000). Workplace bullying: The silent epidemic. Employee Rights Quarterly, 1(2), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Namie, G., & Namie, R. F. (2011). The bully-free workplace: Stop jerks, weasels, and snakes from killing your organization. Hoboken: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2008). Psychopathic traits in a large community sample: Links to violence, alcohol use, and intelligence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(5), 893–899.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Padilla, A., Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2007). The toxic triangle: Destructive leaders, susceptible followers, and conducive environments. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 176–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parzefall, M.-R., & Salin, D. (2010). Perceptions of and reactions to workplace bullying: A social exchange perspective. Human Relations, 63(6), 761–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paull, M., Omari, M., & Standen, P. (2012). When is a bystander not a bystander? A typology of the roles of bystanders in workplace bullying. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 50(3), 351–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7941.2012.00027.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pilch, I., & Turska, E. (2015). Relationships between Machiavellianism, organizational culture, and workplace bullying: Emotional abuse from the target’s and the perpetrator’s perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(1), 83–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Privitera, C., & Campbell, M. A. (2009). Cyberbullying: The new face of workplace bullying? Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(4), 395–400. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rarick, C. A. (2009). The historical roots of Chinese cultural values and managerial practices. Journal of International Business Research, 8(2), 59–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, C., Hoel, H., & Cooper, C. (2002). Workplace bullying: What we know, who is to blame, and what can we do? London: Taylor & Francis.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford, A., & Rissel, C. (2004). A survey of workplace bullying in a health sector organisation. Australian Health Review, 28(1), 65–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salin, D. (2003a). Bullying and organisational politics in competitive and rapidly changing work environments. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 4(1), 35–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salin, D. (2003b). Ways of explaining workplace bullying: A review of enabling, motivating and precipitating structures and processes in the work environment. Human Performance, 56(10), 1213–1232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salin, D., & Hoel, H. (2011). Organisational causes of workplace bullying. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (pp. 227–243). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samnani, A.-K., & Singh, P. (2016). Workplace bullying: Considering the interaction between individual and work environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(3), 537–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skogstad, A., Torsheim, T., Einarsen, S., & Hauge, L. (2011). Testing the work environment hypothesis of bullying on a group level of analysis: Psychosocial factors as precursors of observed workplace bullying. Applied Psychology, 60(3), 475–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tada, N. (2010). Experience from Japan. Journal of the International Ombudsman Association, 3(2), 57–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepper, B. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepper, B. (2007). Abusive supervision in work organizations: Review synthesis, and research agenda. Journal of Management, 33(3), 261–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307300812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuckey, M. R., Dollard, M. F., Hosking, P. J., & Winefield, A. H. (2009). Workplace bullying: The role of psychosocial work environment factors. International Journal of Stress Management, 16(3), 215–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twemlow, S. W., Fonagy, P., & Sacco, F. C. (2004). The role of the bystander in the social architecture of bullying and violence in schools and communities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1036(1), 215–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Fleet, D. D., & Van Fleet, E. W. (2012). Towards a behavioral description of managerial bullying. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 24(3), 197–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whicker, M. L. (1996). Toxic leaders: When organizations go bad. Westport: Quorum Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zabrodska, K., Ellwood, C., Zaeemdar, S., & Mudrak, J. (2016). Workplace bullying as sensemaking: An analysis of target and actor perspectives on initial hostile interactions. Culture and Organization, 22(2), 136–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, S. A., Priem, R. L., & Rasheed, A. A. (2005). The antecedents and consequences of top management fraud. Journal of Management, 31(6), 803–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zapf, D. (1999). Organisational, work group related and personal causes of mobbing/bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2), 70–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zapf, D., & Einarsen, S. (2011). Individual antecedents of bullying: Victims and perpetrators. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zapf, D., Escartín, J., Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Vartia, M. (2011). Empirical findings on prevalence and risk groups of bullying in the workplace. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (2nd ed., pp. 75–105). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimbardo, P. (2015). Transforming society by teaching everyday people the characteristics of a modern hero. The Futurist, 49(1), 24.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kate Blackwood .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Blackwood, K., Jenkins, M. (2018). “Me? A Bully?”: The Different Faces of the Perpetrator in Workplace Bullying. In: D'Cruz, P., et al. Pathways of Job-related Negative Behaviour. Handbooks of Workplace Bullying, Emotional Abuse and Harassment, vol 2. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6173-8_20-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6173-8_20-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6173-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-6173-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics