Advertisement

ASEAN Counterterrorism Cooperation and Human Rights Protection

  • Senia FebricaEmail author
Living reference work entry

Latest version View entry history

First Online:
Part of the International Human Rights book series (IHR)

Abstract

In the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, terrorism issues have changed ASEAN’s focus on security. ASEAN took a strong declaratory position against terrorism and formulated numerous counterterrorism measures. At the same time, human rights promotion has begun to gain a strong foothold within regional institutions. Counterterrorism measures adopted by ASEAN member states, however, are not always compatible with human rights protection agenda. The introduction of increased state surveillance and preventive detention to address terrorism, for instance, has raised concern over human rights violations. This chapter explains ASEAN initiatives to address terrorism and protect fundamental human rights. It explains an array of counterterrorism measures at national, subregional, and regional levels in Southeast Asia and the way ASEAN seeks to integrate regional initiatives that deal with terrorism with human rights protection. This chapter elaborates ASEAN institutional efforts to balance regional security and human rights protection through intraregional and extraregional cooperation and their limitations.

Keywords

Terrorism Human rights Counterterrorism ASEAN ASEAN Way 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Acharya A (2000) Collective identity and conflict management in Southeast Asia. In: Adler E, Barnett M (eds) Security communities. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
  2. Acharya A (2004) How ideas spread: whose norms matter? Norm localization and institutional change in Asian regionalism. Int Organ 58(2):239–275CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Acharya A (2011) The making of Southeast Asia: international relations of a region. Cornell University Press, CornellGoogle Scholar
  4. Adler E, Barnett M (2000) Security communities in theoretical perspective. In: Adler E, Barnett M (eds) Security communities. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
  5. Antara (2009a) News focus: fighting terrorism through deradicalization program goes on, 22 Sep 2009. Available from http://www.antara.co.id/en/news/1253615413/news-focus-fighting-terrorism-through-deradicalization-program-goes-on. Accessed 23 Feb 2010Google Scholar
  6. Antara (2009b) Fighting terrorism through Deradicalization program Goes on, 22 Sept 2009. Available from http://www.antara.co.id/en/news/1253615413/news-focus-fighting-terrorism-through-deradicalization-program-goes-on. Accessed 23 Feb 2010Google Scholar
  7. ASEAN (1967) The Asean Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) Bangkok, 8 Aug 1967. Available from http://www.asean.org/the-asean-declaration-bangkok-declaration-bangkok-8-august-1967/. Accessed 21 May 2016Google Scholar
  8. ASEAN (1976) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, 24 Feb 1976. Available from http://asean.org/treaty-amity-cooperation-southeast-asia-indonesia-24-february-1976/. Accessed 21 May 2016Google Scholar
  9. ASEAN (1997) ASEAN declaration on transnational crime Manila, 20 Dec 1997. Available from http://asean.org/?static_post=asean-declaration-on-transnational-crime-manila-20-december-1997. Accessed 18 April 2018Google Scholar
  10. ASEAN (2001) ASEAN Document Series from 1967–2001. Available via http://www.aseansec.org. Accessed 15 July 2007Google Scholar
  11. ASEAN (2002) Chairman’s statement the ninth meeting of the ASEAN regional forum Bandar Seri Begawan, 31 July 2002. Available from http://asean.org/?static_post=chairman-s-statement-the-ninth-meeting-of-the-asean-regional-forum-bandar-seri-begawan-31-july-2002-3. Accessed 18 April 2018Google Scholar
  12. ASEAN (2003a) Report of the ARF Inter-Sessional Meeting on Counter-Terrorism and Transnational Crime (ISMCT-TC), 21–22 March 2003. Available from http://www.asean.org/uploads/archive/arf/10ARF/1st-ISM-CTTC/Report.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2018Google Scholar
  13. ASEAN (2003b) ASEAN REGIONAL FORUM (ARF) Statement on Cooperative Counter- terrorist Action on Border Security, 1 June 2003. Available from http://asean.org/asean-regional-forum-arf-statement-on-cooperative-counter-terrorist-action-on-border-security-4/. Accessed 18 April 2018Google Scholar
  14. ASEAN (2004a) Joint Communique of the Fourth ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC), Bangkok, 8 Jan 2004. Available from http://asean.org/joint-communique-of-the-fourth-asean-ministerial-meeting-on-transnational-crime-ammtc-bangkok/. Accessed 18 April 2018Google Scholar
  15. ASEAN (2004b) ASEAN security community plan of action, 29 Nov 2004. Available from http://arc-agreement.asean.org/file/doc/2015/02/asean-security-community-plan-of-action.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2018Google Scholar
  16. ASEAN (2004c) Vientiane action programme, 29 Nov 2004. Available from http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/VAP-10th%20ASEAN%20Summit.pdf. Accessed 25 April 2018Google Scholar
  17. ASEAN (2006) Treaty on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters. Available from http://agreement.asean.org/media/download/20160901074559.pdf. Accessed 26 April 2018Google Scholar
  18. ASEAN (2007a) ASEAN convention on counter terrorism, 13 Jan 2007. Available from http://asean.org/storage/2012/05/ACCT.pdf. Accessed 25 April 2018Google Scholar
  19. ASEAN (2007b) ASEAN Regional Forum Document Document Series 1994–2006. Available from http://www.asean.org/uploads/archive/5187-9.pdf. Accessed 20 April 2018Google Scholar
  20. ASEAN (2008) 2nd SOMTC Working Group on Counter Terrorism: ASEAN Senior Officials Meeting on Transnational Crime Working Group on Counter Terrorism, Kuala Lumpur, 16 June 2008. Available from http://asean.org/storage/2012/05/DOC-10-TOR-WG-on-CT-adopted-2008.pdf. Accessed 4 April 2018Google Scholar
  21. ASEAN (2009a) Joint statement of the 7th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC) Siem Reap, Cambodia, 17 Nov 2009. Available from http://asean.org/?static_post=joint-statement-of-the-7th-asean-ministerial-meeting-on transnational-crime-ammtc-siem-reap-cambodia-17-november-2009-joint-statement. Accessed 4 April 2018Google Scholar
  22. ASEAN (2009b) ASEAN political-security community blueprint. Available from http://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/images/archive/5187-18.pdf. Accessed 2 April 2018CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. ASEAN (2012a) Declaration of ASEAN Concord II (Bali Concord II), 11 May 2012. Available from http://asean.org/?static_post=declaration-of-asean-concord-ii-bali-concord-ii. Accessed 2 April 2018Google Scholar
  24. ASEAN (2012b) Hanoi plan of action, 19 June 2012. Available from http://asean.org/?static_post=hanoi-plan-of-action. Accessed 1 April 2018Google Scholar
  25. ASEAN (2012c) Co-chairs’ summary report of the tenth ASEAN regional forum inter-sessional meeting on counter-terrorism and transnational crime, Quang Nam, Vietnam, 16–17 March 2012. Available from http://aseanregionalforum.asean.org/library/arf-chairmans-statements-and-reports.html. Accessed 29 April 2018Google Scholar
  26. ASEAN (2014) Chairman’s statement of the 21st ASEAN regional forum Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 10 Aug 2014. Available from http://aseanregionalforum.asean.org/…content/643-21st-asean-regional-forum-nay-pyi-taw-. Accessed 19 April 2018Google Scholar
  27. ASEAN (2015a) Plan of action to implement the ASEAN-U.S. strategic partnership (2016–2020) . Available from http://asean.org/storage/images/2015/November/27th-summit/statement/ASEAN-US%20POA%202016-2020_Adopted.pdf. Accessed 19 April 2018Google Scholar
  28. ASEAN (2015b) Plan of action to implement the ASEAN-Australia strategic partnership (2015–2019). Available from http://asean.org/storage/images/2015/November/ASEAN-Australia/ASEAN-Australia%20Strategic%20Partnership%20POA%202015-2019-Final.pdf. Accessed 24 April 2018Google Scholar
  29. ASEAN (2016) Joint statement of the ASEAN-U.S. special leaders’ summit: Sunnylands declaration. Available from http://www.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Sunnylands-Declaration-FINAL-16-Feb-2016.pdf. Accessed 22 April 2018Google Scholar
  30. ASEAN (2017) ASEAN comprehensive plan of action on counter terrorism, 20 Sept 2017. Available from http://asean.org/storage/2012/05/ACPoA-on-CT-Adopted-by-11th-AMMTC.pdf. Accessed 3April 2018Google Scholar
  31. Australian Department of Defence (2012) Minister for Defence and Minister for Defence Materiel – Joint Press Conference – Indonesia, 5 Sept 2012, . Available from http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2012/09/05/minister-for-defence-and-minister-for-defence-materiel-joint-press-conference-indonesia/. Accessed 19 October 2012Google Scholar
  32. Badan Nasional Penanggulan Terorisme (BNPT) (2014) Arsip Berita: Radikalisme Harus Dicegah Sebelum Berubah Jadi Teroris, cited from Pikiran Rakyat, 29 Dec 2014. Available from http://www.bnpt.go.id/berita.php?id=181. Accessed 31 Jan 2015Google Scholar
  33. Bakar O (2005) The impact of the American war on terror on Malaysian Islam. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 16(2):107–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Bakti IN (2010) Bilateral relations between Indonesia and the Philippines: stable and cooperative. In: Ganesan N, Amer R (eds) International relations in Southeast Asia: between bilateralism and multilateralism. ISEAS, SingaporeGoogle Scholar
  35. Barton G (2008) Indonesia’s year of living normally: taking the long view on Indonesia’s progress. SE Asian Aff 1:123–145Google Scholar
  36. BBC (2015) Malaysia arrests 17 terror suspects, 6 April 2015. Available from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-32197167. Accessed 28 April 2018Google Scholar
  37. Business World (2007) BIMP-EAGA tries to go the next level by seeking to eliminate trade, 3 Aug 2007. Accessed from the Newsbank databaseGoogle Scholar
  38. Buzan B (2006) Will the ‘global war on terrorism’ be the new cold war? Int Aff 82(6):1101–1118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Case W (2003) Singapore in 2002: economic lassitude and threats to security. Asian Surv 43(1):167–173CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Chalk P (1998) Political terrorism in South-East Asia. Terrorism and Political Violence 10(2):118–134CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Chau A (2008) Security community and Southeast Asia: Australia, the U.S., and ASEAN’s counter-terror strategy. Asian Surv 48(4):626–649CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Chow J (2005) ASEAN counterterrorism cooperation since 9/11. Asian Surv 45(2):302–321CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Desk Koordinasi Pemberantasan Terorisme (DKPT) (2008) Catatan DKPT. Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Politik, Hukum dan Keamanan Republik Indonesia, JakartaGoogle Scholar
  44. Desker B, Ramakrishna K (2002) Forging an indirect strategy in Southeast Asia. Wash Q 25(2):161–176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Economist (2011) Malaysian reforms: Najib the bold, 16 Sept 2011. Available from http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2011/09/malaysian-reforms. Accessed 10 May 2015Google Scholar
  46. Febrica S (2010) Securitizing terrorism in Southeast Asia: accounting for the varying responses of Singapore and Indonesia. Asian Surv 50(3):569–590CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Febrica S (2017a) Maritime security and Indonesia: cooperation, interests and strategies. Routledge, LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. Febrica S (2017b) Refining the role of audience in securitization: Southeast Asia’s fight against terrorism. In: Romaniuk SN, Webb S, Irrera D, Griece F (eds) The Palgrave handbook of global counterterrorism policy. Palgrave Macmillan, LondonGoogle Scholar
  49. Gerstl A (2010) The Depoliticisation and ‘ASEANisation’ of counter-terrorism policies in South-East Asia: a weak trigger for a fragmented version of human security. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies 3(1):48–74Google Scholar
  50. Hashim S (1986) Malaysian domestic politics and Foreign policy: the impact of ethnicity. In: ASEAN in regional and global context. University of California, BerkeleyGoogle Scholar
  51. Hassan MHB, Pereire KG (2006) An ideological response to combating terrorism – the Singapore perspective. Small Wars and Insurgencies 17(4):458–477CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Human Rights Watch (2003) Asian security talks risk giving green light to repression: human rights abused in name of fighting terrorism, 16 June 2003. Available from https://www.hrw.org/news/2003/06/16/asian-security-talks-risk-giving-green-light-repression. Accessed 19 April 2018Google Scholar
  53. Human Rights Watch (2008) Overview of human rights issues in Singapore, 31 Jan 2008.. Available from http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/singap17616.htm. Accessed 17 July 2008Google Scholar
  54. Jackson R (2007) Constructing enemies: ‘Islamic terrorism’ in political and academic discourse. Gov Oppos 12(3):394–426CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. Jakarta Post (2011) Osama's death will not stop local radicals: experts, 3 May 2011. Accessed from the Newsbank databaseGoogle Scholar
  56. Jones DM, Smith MLR, Weeding M (2003) Looking for the pattern: Al Qaeda in Southeast Asia-the genealogy of a terror network. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 26(6):443–457CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Kaßner M (2013) The influence of the type of dominant party on democracy: a comparison between South Africa and Malaysia. Springer Science & Business Media, BerlinGoogle Scholar
  58. Martinez P (2002) Malaysia in 2001: an interlude of consolidation. Asian Surv 42(1):133–140CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Masilamani L, Peterson J (2015) ASEAN’s constructive engagement policy. Indones Q 43(1):21–36Google Scholar
  60. Means GP (1996) Soft authoritarianism in Malaysia and Singapore. J Democr 7(4):103–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. Narine S (2012) Human rights norms and the evolution of ASEAN: moving without moving in a changing regional environment. Contemp SE Asia 34(3):365–388CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. National Institute for Defense Studies, Japan (2003) . Southeast Asia-Elections and New Governments. East Asia Strategic ReviewGoogle Scholar
  63. Philippine Daily Inquirer (2010) Mindanaos best of 2009, 9 Jan 2010; accessed from the Newsbank databaseGoogle Scholar
  64. Pushpanathan, S (2003) ASEAN efforts to combat terrorism. Available from http://asean.org/?static_post=asean-efforts-to-combat-terrorism-by-spushpanathan. Accessed 18 April 2018Google Scholar
  65. Rabasa AM (2003) Southeast Asia: the second front? In Asia program special report: fighting terrorism on the Southeast Asian Front. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Available from http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/Asia%20Report%20112.pdf. Accessed 23 March 2008
  66. Ramakrishna K (2005) “The Southeast Asian Approach” to Counter-Terrorism: Learning from Indonesia and Malaysia. The Journal of Conflict Sudies 25(1):27–47Google Scholar
  67. Ramakrishna K (2006) The Making of Jemaah Islamiyah. In: Forest JJF (ed) Teaching terror: strategic and tactical learning in the terrorist world. Rowman and Littlefield Publisher, MarylandGoogle Scholar
  68. Rose GI, Nestorovska D (2005) Towards an ASEAN counter-terrorism treaty. Singapore Yearbook of International Law 9:157–189Google Scholar
  69. Rosenberg D, Chung C (2008) Maritime security in the South China Sea: coordinating coastal and user state priorities. Ocean Development and International Law 39(1):51–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  70. Singapore Ministry of Home Affairs (2008) Countering threat: terrorism. Available from http://www.mha.gov.sg/isd/ct.htm#terrorism. Accessed 3 August 2008Google Scholar
  71. Singapore National Heritage Board (2001) Speech by Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong at the Dialogue Session with Union Leaders/Member and Employers, 14 Oct 2001. Available from http://stars.nhb.gov.sg/stars/public/. Accessed 30 July 2008Google Scholar
  72. Smith AL (2005) The politics of negotiating the terrorist problem in Indonesia. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 28(1):33–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. Solahudin (2014) Jokowi’s priorities in addressing terrorism, Jakarta Post, 18 Sept 2014. Available from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/09/18/jokowi-s-priorities-addressing-terrorism.html. Accessed 21 Jan 2015Google Scholar
  74. Straits Times (2003a) Singapore Officers Quiz Leader of JI Branch, 6 Feb 2003. Accessed from the Newsbank databaseGoogle Scholar
  75. Straits Times (2003b) JI’s Singapore branch chief a step closer to being deported, 12 Feb 2003. Accessed from the Newsbank databaseGoogle Scholar
  76. Straits Times (2017) Two Singaporeans, including a housewife, detained under ISA for terror- related activities, 9 Nov 2017. Available from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/two-singaporeans-one-a-woman-detained-under-isa-for-terror-related-activities. Accessed 28 April 2018Google Scholar
  77. Tan EKB (2007) Norming ‘moderation’ in an ‘iconic target’: public policy and the regulation of religious anxieties in Singapore. Terrorism and Political Violence 19(4):443–462CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  78. Tan H-L (2011) The ASEAN intergovernmental commission on human rights: Institutionalising human rights in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
  79. Tan SS, Ramakrishna K (2004) Interstate and intrastate dynamics in Southeast Asia’s war on terror. SAIS Rev 24(1):91–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  80. The Guardian (2015a) Malaysia passes new detention without trial law, raising human rights fears, 7 April 2015 . Available from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/07/malaysia-passes-tough-new-terrorism-law-raising-human-rights-fears. Accessed 9 May 2015Google Scholar
  81. The Guardian (2015b) Malaysian authorities arrest 12 people in suburbs of Kuala Lumpur for ISIS links, 26 April 2015. Available from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/26/malaysian-police-arrest-12-people-isis-links. Accessed 9 May 2015Google Scholar
  82. Malaysia Today (2015) Malaysia uses specious terrorism threat to regress on human rights, 8 April 2015. Available from http://www.malaysia-today.net/112117. Accessed 6 May 2015Google Scholar
  83. UN Security Council (2018) UN Security Council Resolutions 1269, 1373, 1456, 1989, 2170, 2178, 2195 and 2199. Available from http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/. Accessed 20 April 2018Google Scholar
  84. United Nations (UN) Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) (2013) Facilitating efficient and secure trade in BIMP EAGA. Available from http://www.unescap.org/tid/projects/tfforum11_gms_ciqs.pdf. Accessed 11 November 2013Google Scholar
  85. United States Department of Defence (2003a) Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz, 3 June 2003. Available from http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=3489. Accessed 15 July 2007Google Scholar
  86. United States Department of Defence (2003b) Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz, 28 Jan 2003. Available from http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=1356. Accessed 15 July 2007Google Scholar
  87. United States Department of State (2002) U.S.-ASEAN joint declaration on combating terrorism, 1 Aug 2002. Available from https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eap/rls/ot/12428.htm. Accessed 18 April 2018Google Scholar
  88. United States White House (2004) President bush reaffirms resolve to war on terror, 19 March 2004. Available via http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/03/20040319-3.html. Accessed 15 July 2007Google Scholar
  89. United States White House (2015) Joint statement on the ASEAN-U.S. Strategic Partnership, 21 Nov 2015. Available from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/21/joint-statement-asean-us-strategic-partnership. Accessed 20 April 2018Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.American Studies CenterUniversitas IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia

Personalised recommendations

Cite entry