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Adiponectin as Biomarker in Coronary Artery Disease

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Book cover Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Adiponectin is one of the main proteins produced and released by mature adipocytes. It was identified at the same time by four different groups and assigned the following names: Acrp30, adipoQ, GBP28, and apM1. This last one makes reference to the gene, which is localized in the chromosome 3q27. The adiponectin protein has four domains: a signal peptide, a variable region among species, a collagenous domain and a carboxyterminal globular domain. Usually, the adiponectin forms dimers, trimers, or structures which are more complex. Thus, monomers are not found in plasma. Their circulating levels represent the 0.01 % of total plasma proteins. Several studies have described their anti-atherogenic and insulin sensitizer properties because patients with CAD or T2DM had low plasma levels of this protein. Moreover, a range from 3.3. to 4.2 μg/mL can determine lesion complexity in patients with ACS. These results suggest that adiponectin levels are associated with CAD and its extension or severity. Moreover, they can be a good predictor of CAD because the included patients in the CACTI study with low adiponectin levels progressed with high coronary artery calcium volume. In fact, lower levels than 4.4 μg/mL were described as predictors of higher risk of death and myocardial infarction in patients who underwent coronary angiography with stable angina. The main considered CAD risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were associated with low concentrations of plasma adiponectin. In this sense, loss of weight, some antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs, and statins were found to be good inducers of an increment of plasma adiponectin levels with benefits over endothelial and muscle cells.

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Abbreviations

aa:

Amino acids

ACRP30:

Adipocyte complement-related 30 kDa protein

ACS:

Acute coronary syndrome

apM1:

Adipocyte C1q and collagen domain-containing protein

BIP:

Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention

BMI:

Body mass index

CACTI:

Coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

cDNA:

Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid

GBP28:

Gelatin-binding protein

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide-1

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

MESA:

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

STEMI:

ST segment elevation myocardial infarction

T1DM:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

TCFA:

Thin-capped fibroatheroma

TG:

Triglycerides

UniProt:

Universal Protein Resource

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the project (PI13/01852), Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016 and cofunding by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la investigación el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiology group. Health Research Institute, Laboratory 6. Planta -2. Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, C/Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Sonia Eiras

  2. Cardiology group. Health Research Institute, Department of Cardiology and Coronary Unit, Planta -2.Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, C/Choupana s/n., 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    José Ramón González-Juanatey

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  1. Sonia Eiras
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Correspondence to Sonia Eiras .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science & Technology , University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Eiras, S., González-Juanatey, J.R. (2016). Adiponectin as Biomarker in Coronary Artery Disease. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7678-4_9

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